Abstract: The present disclosure provides a particle showing a small non-specific adsorption, having a reactive functional group for chemically bonding a ligand thereto, and being suitable for an agglutination method; a particle for the agglutination method having a ligand chemically bonded to the particle; a reagent, a kit and a method for detecting a target substance, each for in vitro diagnosis, each of which contains the particle. The particle includes a polymer having a unit having a linker A in a side chain, wherein when both terminals of the linker A are represented by X1 and X2, the linker A has a reactive functional group for chemically bonding a ligand thereto in one of X1 and X2; one of X1 and X2 includes an ester structure; and a sum of bonds between atoms linearly connecting X1 and X2 is 18 to 24 and the X1 and X2 contain CH2 or CH.

Abstract: A vector includes one or more promoters. The promoters are expressed specifically in a cottonseed surface or a cotton fiber or both of the cottonseed surface and the cotton fiber.

Abstract: A control system for an automatic transmission of an internal combustion engine installed on an automotive vehicle measures a duration over which the automatic transmission continues to be in a speed position. Downshift of the speed position of the transmission to a lower speed position is inhibited if the measured duration does not exceed a predetermined time period, when it is determined that the automotive vehicle is in a predetermined decelerating condition.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine for use in a vehicle. An ECU determines whether the catalytic converter is in a predetermined high temperature condition, and also determines whether the engine has continuously been in an operating condition in which the rotational speed of the engine exceeds a predetermined value and load on the engine exceeds a predetermined value, over a predetermined time period. When the catalytic converter is in the predetermined high temperature or when the engine has continuously been in the above high speed and high load condition over the predetermined period, the ECU controls the throttle valve in a manner such that the opening of the throttle valve is decreased.

Abstract: An automatic machine for die cutting and creasing paperboard and similar paper materials, in sheet or continuous web form, into shaped package blanks and the like has a separation station at which the shaped blanks are separated from the waste portions of the sheet or web. The blanks are cut into the paperboard stock leaving just enough material, termed nicks, to hold the blanks and waste material together for transfer as a unit to a separation station. The machine is so designed that the male and female dies are simultaneously formed by cutting both from a single panel of plywood and even though the portions remaining between the individual die openings of the female ones of the dies are too narrow and weak to withstand the impact incident to the separation operation, are reinforced to provide the necessary strength by bonding a strip of creasing die to the lower face of the portions needing reinforcement.