Abstract: A method of forming a coated body composed of small columnar crystals coated using the MTCVD process. Wear resistance of the prior-art Ti(C,N) layers can be considerably enhanced by optimising the grain size and microstructure. Considerably better wear resistance in, for example in many carbon steels, can be obtained by modifying the grain size and morphology of prior art MTCVD Ti(C,N) coatings. The method includes a step of doping by using CO, CO2, ZrCl4, HfCl4 and AlCl3 or combinations of these to ensure the control of the grain size and shape. Doping has to be controlled carefully in order to maintain the columnar structure and also in order to avoid nanograined structures and oxidisation. The preferred grain size should be in the sub-micron region with the grain width of from about 30 to about 300 nm. The length to width ratio should be more than 5, preferably more than 10 and the coating should exhibit a strong preferred growth orientation along 422 or 331. The XRD line broadening should be weak.

Abstract: A refined method to produce textured ?-Al2O3 layers in a temperature range of from about 750 to about 1000° C. with a controlled texture and substantially enhanced wear resistance and toughness than the prior art is disclosed. The ?-Al2O3 layer is deposited on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step being composed of short pulses and purges consisting of Ti/Al-containing pulses and oxidizing pulses. The ?-Al2O3 layer according to this invention has a thickness ranging from about 1 to about 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from about 2 to about 12, preferably from about 5 to about 8. The layer is characterized by a strong (116) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by low intensity of (012), (110), (113) (024) and diffraction peaks.

Abstract: A refined method to produce textured ?-Al2O3 layers in a temperature range of from about 750 to about 1000° C. with a controlled texture and substantially enhanced wear resistance and toughness than the prior art is disclosed. The ?-Al2O3 layer is deposited on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step being composed of short pulses and purges consisting of Ti/Al-containing pulses and oxidizing pulses. The ?-Al2O3 layer according to this invention has a thickness ranging from about 1 to about 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from about 2 to about 12, preferably from about 5 to about 8. The layer is characterized by a strong (116) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by low intensity of (012), (110), (113) (024) and diffraction peaks.

Abstract: A new and refined method to produce ?-Al2O3 layers in a temperature range of from about 750 to about 1000° C. with a controlled growth texture and substantially enhanced wear resistance and toughness than the prior art is disclosed. The ?-Al2O3 layer of the present invention is formed on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step being composed of short pulses and purges consisting of Ti/Al-containing pulses and oxidising pulses. The ?-Al2O3 layer according to the present invention has a thickness ranging from about 1 to about 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from about 2 to about 12, preferably from about 4 to about 8. The layer is characterized by a strong (104) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by low intensity of (012), (110), (113), (024) and (116) diffraction peaks.

Abstract: A refined method to produce textured ?-Al2O3 layers in a temperature range of 750-1000° C. with a controlled texture and substantially enhanced wear resistance and toughness than the prior art is disclosed. The ?-Al2O3 layer is formed on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step composed of short pulses and purges of Ti-containing and oxidizing steps. The ?-Al2O3 layer has a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from 2 to 15, preferably 6 to 10. The layer is characterised by a strong (110) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by the low intensity of (012), (104), (113), (024) and (116) diffraction peaks.

Abstract: A refined method to produce textured ?-Al2O3 layers in a temperature range of from about 750 to about 1000° C. with a controlled texture and substantially enhanced wear resistance and toughness than the prior art is disclosed. The ?-Al2O3 layer is deposited on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al) (C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step being composed of short pulses and purges consisting of Ti/Al-containing pulses and oxidizing pulses. The ?-Al2O3 layer according to this invention has a thickness ranging from about 1 to about 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from about 2 to about 12, preferably from about 5 to about 8. The layer is characterized by a strong (116) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by low intensity of (012), (110), (113) (024) and diffraction peaks.

Abstract: A refined method to produce textured ?-Al2O3 layers in a temperature range of 750-1000° C. with a controlled texture and substantially enhanced wear resistance and toughness than the prior art is disclosed. The ?-Al2O3 layer is formed on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step composed of short pulses and purges of Ti-containing and oxidizing steps. The ?-Al2O3 layer has a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from 2 to 15, preferably 6 to 10. The layer is characterized by a strong (110) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by the low intensity of (012), (104), (113), (024) and (116) diffraction peaks.

Abstract: A new and refined method to produce ?-Al2O3 layers in a temperature range of from about 750 to about 1000° C. with a controlled growth texture and substantially enhanced wear resistance and toughness than the prior art is disclosed. The ?-Al2O3 layer of the present invention is formed on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step being composed of short pulses and purges consisting of Ti/Al-containing pulses and oxidising pulses. The ?-Al2O3 layer according to the present invention has a thickness ranging from about 1 to about 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from about 2 to about 12, preferably from about 4 to about 8. The layer is characterized by a strong (104) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by low intensity of (012), (110), (113), (024) and (116) diffraction peaks.

Abstract: Wear resistance of the prior-art Ti(C,N) layers can be considerably enhanced by optimising the grain size and microstructure. This invention describes a method to obtain controlled, fine, equiaxed grain morphology in Ti(C,N) layers produced using moderate temperature CVD (MTCVD). The control of the grain size and shape can be obtained by doping using CO, CO2, ZrCl4 and AlCl3 or combinations of these. Doping has to be controlled carefully in order to avoid nanograined structures and oxidisation. This kind of coatings shows new enhanced wear properties. The fine grain size together with equiaxed grain morphology enhances the toughness of the coating with at least maintained wear resistance, which can be seen especially in sticky steels like stainless steels. The optimum grain size is from about 50 to about 300 nm, preferably from about 50 to about 150.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated cutting tool insert and a texture-hardened ?-Al2O3 layer to be used in metal machining. The alumina layer is characterised by the improved toughness and it adheres to the substrate covering all functional parts thereof. The coating is composed of one or more refractory layers of which at least one layer is a texture-hardened ?-Al2O3 having a thickness ranging from 2 to 20 ?m being composed of columnar grains with a length/width ratio of 2 to 12. The ?-Al2O3 exhibits a strong (0006) diffraction peak. The improved wear resistance and toughness can be obtained when the texture coefficient (TC) for the (0006) reflection is larger than 1.33 ln h+2, where h is the ?-Al2O3 layer thickness and when the surface of the ?-Al2O3 layer is wet-blasted to an Ra-value<1 ?m. The alumina layer with a strong (0001) texture is applied on Binder phase enriched cemented carbide substrates. This combination contributes to enhanced wear resistance and toughness.

Abstract: An ?-Al2O3 coated cutting tool insert combining a cemented carbide with a binder phase enriched surface zone and a textured ?-Al2O3-layer is disclosed. The ?-Al2O3 layer has a thickness ranging from about 2-9 ?m and is composed of columnar grains having a length/width ratio from about 2-12. It is characterised by a strong (104) growth texture and by low intensity of the (012), (110) and (113) diffraction peaks. The textured ?-Al2O3 is preferably deposited on an MTCVD Ti(C,N) layer having a thickness from about 2-10 ?m. When the alumina layer is the uppermost layer, it may be wet-blasted to an Ra value of <about 1 ?m, giving the tool a black and shiny appearance.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a new and refined method to produce ?-Al2O3 layers with substantially better wear resistance and toughness than the prior art. The ?-Al2O3 layer of the present invention is formed on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step being composed of both aluminising and oxidisation steps. The ?-Al2O3 layer according to this invention has a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from 2 to 12, preferably 5 to 9. The layer is characterised by a strong (012) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by the almost total absence (104), (110), (113) and (116) diffraction peaks.

Abstract: Wear resistance of the prior-art Ti(C,N) layers can be considerably enhanced by optimising the grain size and microstructure. This invention describes a method to obtain controlled, fine, equiaxed grain morphology in Ti(C,N) layers produced using moderate temperature CVD (MTCVD). The control of the grain size and shape can be obtained by doping using CO, CO2, ZrCl4 and AlCl3 or combinations of these. Doping has to be controlled carefully in order to avoid nanograined structures and oxidisation. This kind of coatings shows new enhanced wear properties. The fine grain size together with equiaxed grain morphology enhances the toughness of the coating with at least maintained wear resistance, which can be seen especially in sticky steels like stainless steels. The optimum grain size is from 50 to about 300 nm, preferably from about 50 to about 150.

Abstract: Wear resistance of the prior-art Ti(C,N) layers can be considerably enhanced by optimising the grain size and microstructure. Considerably better wear resistance in, for example in many carbon steels, can be obtained by modifying the grain size and morphology of prior art MTCVD Ti(C,N) coatings. The improved coating is composed of small columnar crystals. Doping by using CO, CO2, ZrCl4, HfCl4 and AlCl3 or combinations of these can ensure the control of the grain size and shape. Doping has to be controlled carefully in order maintain the columnar structure and also in order to avoid nanograined structures and oxidisation. The preferred grain size should be in the sub-micron region with the grain width of from about 30 to about 300 nm. The length to width ratio should be more than 5, preferably more than 10 and the coating should exhibit a strong preferred growth orientation along 422 or 331. The XRD line broadening should be weak.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated cutting tool insert comprising a substrate and a coating to be used in metal machining. The hard and wear resistant coating exhibits an excellent adhesion to the substrate covering all functional parts thereof. The coating is composed of one or more refractory layers of which at least one layer is ?-Al2O3 showing a strong growth texture along <001>. The ?-Al2O3 layer has a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains with a length/width ratio of 2 to 15. The layer is characterised by a strong (006) diffraction peak, measured using XRD, and by low intensity of (012), (104), (113) (024) and (116) diffraction peaks. The <001> textured ?-Al2O3 layers is deposited in a temperature range of 750-1000° C. The texture is controlled by a specific nucleation procedure combined with the use of sulphur- and fluorine containing dopants.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a new and refined method to produce ?-Al2O3 layers with substantially better wear resistance and toughness than the prior art. The ?-Al2O3 layer of the present invention is formed on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step being composed of both aluminising and oxidisation steps. The ?-Al2O3 layer according to this invention has a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from 2 to 12, preferably 5 to 9. The layer is characterised by a strong (012) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by the almost total absence (104), (110), (113) and (116) diffraction peaks.

Abstract: A cutting tool insert includes a cemented carbide substrate and a coating. The cemented carbide substrate comprises WC, 4-7 wt % cobalt, 6-9 wt % cubic carbide forming metals from the groups IVB and VB, preferably titanium, tantalum and niobium, with a binder phase enriched surface zone with a thickness of >20 ?m, preferably between 21 and 50 ?m. The coating comprises a first layer adjacent the cemented carbide substrate of Ti(C,N) having a thickness of from about 3 to about 15 ?m, an alumina layer adjacent said first layer having a thickness of from about 3 to about 15 ?m, said alumina layer being composed of ?-Al2O3, a further layer adjacent the alumina layer of a Ti(C,N) or Ti(C,O,N) having a thickness of from about 1 to 10 ?m. The total thickness of the coating being less than 30 ?m, preferably less than 20 ?m. Inserts according to the invention exhibit favourable wear resistance and edge strength when turning steel.

Abstract: Wear resistance of the prior-art Ti(C,N) layers can be considerably enhanced by optimizing the grain size and microstructure. Considerably better wear resistance in, for example in many carbon steels, can be obtained by modifying the grain size and morphology of prior art MTCVD Ti(C,N) coatings. The improved coating is composed of small columnar crystals. Doping by using CO, CO2, ZrCl4, HfCl4 and AlCl3 or combinations of these can ensure the control of the grain size and shape. Doping has to be controlled carefully in order maintain the columnar structure and also in order to avoid nanograined structures and oxidization. The preferred grain size should be in the sub-micron region with the grain width of from about 30 to about 300 nm. The length to width ratio should be more than 5, preferably more than 10 and the coating should exhibit a strong preferred growth orientation along 422 or 331. The XRD line broadening should be weak.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a new and refined method to produce ?-Al2O3 layers with substantially better wear resistance and toughness than the prior art. The ?-Al2O3 layer of the present invention is formed on a bonding layer of (Ti,Al)(C,O,N) with increasing aluminium content towards the outer surface. Nucleation of ?-Al2O3 is obtained through a nucleation step being composed of both aluminising and oxidisation steps. The ?-Al2O3 layer according to this invention has a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 ?m and is composed of columnar grains. The length/width ratio of the alumina grains is from 2 to 12, preferably 5 to 9. The layer is characterised by a strong (012) growth texture, measured using XRD, and by the almost total absence (104), (110), (113) and (116) diffraction peaks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coated cemented carbide insert (cutting tool), particularly useful for milling of stainless steels and super alloys but also milling of steels in toughness demanding applications. The cutting tool insert is characterised by a cemented carbide body comprising WC, NbC and TaC, a W-alloyed Co binder phase, and a coating comprising an innermost layer of TiCxNyOz with equiaxed grains, a layer of TiCxNyOz with columnar grains and a layer of ?-Al2O3.