Abstract: We provide a process for making a base oil, comprising: mixing one or more longer chain alpha olefins comprising C6+ olefins with an olefin feed comprising propylene to make a mixed olefin feed; and oligomerizing the mixed olefin feed using an acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst to form an oligomer; wherein the oligomer is a base oil that has: i. a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. greater than 10 mm2/s; ii. a viscosity index from 50 to 90; iii. a pour point less than ?19° C.; and iv. a cloud point less than ?50° C.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to methods of making diester-based (bio)lubricant compositions, wherein such diester-based lubricant compositions generally comprise diester species prepared by reacting vicinal diol species with monoester(s) of one or more fatty acids. In some embodiments, such methods for making such diester-based lubricants utilize one or more biomass precursor species (e.g., monoesters of fatty acids derived from crop oils and/or other source of triglyceride species such as algae). In some embodiments, such diester-based lubricants are derived from Fischer-Tropsch (FT) olefins, typically alpha (?)-olefins.

Abstract: A process comprising contacting an olefin feed from a Fischer-Tropsch condensate with an isoparaffin, an acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, and a Brönsted acid; whereby a base oil is produced by concurrent oligomerization and alkylation.

Abstract: We provide a process, comprising: a. oligomerizing propylene in ionic liquid; b. optionally alkylating the oligomer; to make a base oil having: i. a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 2.9 mm2/s or greater, ii. a viscosity index from 25 to 90, and iii. a low cloud point. We provide a process, comprising: oligomerizing a feed comprising propylene and propane to make a base oil having: i. from 45 to 70 wt % hydrocarbons boiling at 900° F. or higher, ii. a viscosity index from 25 to 90, and iii. a low cloud point. We provide a process, comprising: a. mixing longer chain alpha olefins with propylene; b. oligomerizing the feed, to make a base oil having: i. a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. greater than 10 mm2/s; ii. a viscosity index from 50 to 90; iii. a low pour point; and iv. a low cloud point.

Abstract: A process for making a base oil, comprising: selecting a feed from a Fischer-Tropsch condensate; oligomerizing the feed in an ionic liquid; and0 alkylating the oligomer in the presence of an isoparaffin, in an ionic liquid alkylation zone, to form a product having: a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 6.9 mm2/s or greater, a VI of at least 134, and a Bromine Number of less than 4. A process comprising: oligomerizing at least one olefin in a feed from a Fischer-Tropsch condensate, wherein an olefin fraction in the olefin feed comprises greater than 50 wt % C4+ olefins, and alkylating the oligomerized product to form a base oil product. A process comprising contacting an olefin feed from a Fischer-Tropsch condensate with an isoparaffin, an acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, and a Brönsted acid; whereby a base oil is produced by concurrent oligomerization and alkylation.

Abstract: A composition of a superior lubricant or lubricant component having a very high VI, a low cloud point, a difference between the T90 and T10 boiling points of at least 250° F. by SIMDIST, and a very low Bromine Number.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to methods of making application-specific finished lubricant compositions comprising bio-derived diester species. In some embodiments, bio-derived fatty acid moieties are reacted with Fischer-Tropsch/gas-to-liquids reaction products and/or by-products (e.g., gas-to-liquids-produced ?-olefins) to yield bio-derived diester species that can then be selectively blended with base oil and one or more additive species to yield an application-specific finished lubricant product having a biomass-derived component.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a refrigerator oil composition comprising (a) at least one diester species having the following structure: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are the same or independently selected from hydrocarbon groups having from 2 to 17 carbon atoms; and (b) a refrigerant.

Abstract: Provided is a base oil, comprising one or more oligomerized olefins, wherein the base oil has: (d) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. grater than 2.9 mm2/s; (e) a viscosity index from 25 to 90; and (f) a cloud point less than ?55° C. Provided is a base oil made by oligomerizing propylene in an ionic liquid catalyst, where the base oil has a viscosity index from 25 to 90 and the base oil is colorless. Provided is a base oil made by oligomerizing an olefin feed comprising propylene in an acidic alkyl-pyridinium chloroaluminate ionic liquid, wherein the base oil has a viscosity index from 25 to 90, and a cloud point less than ?55° C.

Abstract: An acid catalyst effective for a conversion of a hydrocarbon, comprising greater than 20 wt % of a conjunct polymer, and an ionic liquid catalyst; wherein the acid catalyst has a molar ratio of Al to a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, P, O, S, and combinations thereof greater than 2.0; and wherein the conversion is alkylation, isomerization, hydrocracking, polymerization, dimerization, oligomerization, acylation, acetylation, metathesis, copolymerization, dehalogenation, dehydration, olefin hydrogenation, or combinations thereof. Also, an acid catalyst effective for a conversion of a hydrocarbon, comprising greater than 15 wt % halide-containing conjunct polymer, and a Lewis acid; wherein less than 0.1 wt % solid precipitates from the catalyst when it is held for three hours or longer at 25° C. or below.

Abstract: A method to make an acidic ionic liquid catalyst, by mixing aluminum chloride in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent, an organic chloride, and optionally an ionic liquid; wherein the acidic ionic liquid catalyst does not precipitate out solids; and wherein the acidic ionic liquid catalyst has greater than 20 wt % conjunct polymer and a molar ratio of Al to a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of N, P, O, S, and combinations thereof greater than 2.0. Also a method to make the acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising: a. mixing aluminum chloride in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent, and an organic chloride, to make an acid catalyst phase comprising a conjunct polymer; b. adding hydrogen chloride to the acid catalyst phase.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to novel biodiesel fuel compositions having enhanced low-temperature properties. The present invention is additionally directed to methods (i.e., processes) for making such enhanced biodiesel fuels by improving the low-temperature properties of ester-based biodiesel fuels via in situ enhancement and/or additive enhancement.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to novel biodiesel fuel compositions having enhanced low-temperature properties. The present invention is additionally directed to methods (i.e., processes) for making such enhanced biodiesel fuels by improving the low-temperature properties of ester-based biodiesel fuels via in situ enhancement and/or additive enhancement.

Abstract: We provide a process for making a base oil, comprising: a) selecting an olefin feed produced by thermal cracking of a waxy feed; b) oligomerizing the olefin feed in an ionic liquid oligomerization zone at a set of oligomerization conditions to form an oligomer; and c) alkylating the oligomer in the presence of an isoparaffin, in an ionic liquid alkylation zone, at a set of alkylation conditions to form an alkylated oligomeric product having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 6.9 mm2/s or greater, a VI of at least 134, and a Bromine Number of less than 4. We provide a process to make base oil from an olefin feed produced in a FCC unit. We also provide a process to make two or more viscosity grades of base oil from an olefin feed produced by thermal cracking of a waxy feed.

Abstract: We provide a process to make a lubricant component, comprising: a. oligomerizing a feed comprising one or more olefins in an ionic liquid oligomerization zone, at oligomerization conditions, to form an oligomer; and b. alkylating the oligomer in the presence of an isoparaffin, in an ionic liquid alkylation zone, at alkylation conditions including a molar ratio of one or more olefins and one or more isoparaffins of at least 0.8, to form an alkylated oligomeric product that is a lubricant component having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least 6.9 mm2/s, a VI of at least 134, a cloud point less than or equal to ?28° C., and a Bromine Number of less than or equal to 6.1.

Abstract: A process for producing alkylate comprising contacting a first hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms which contains 1-butene with an isomerization catalyst under conditions favoring the isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene so the isomerized stream contains a greater concentration of 2-butene than the first hydrocarbon stream and contacting the isomerized stream and a second hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one isoparaffin having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms with an acidic ionic liquid catalyst under alkylation conditions to produce an alkylate stream, wherein the alkylate stream has a RON that is increased from 5 to 32 numbers compared to a comparison alkylate stream made from the first hydrocarbon stream without the step of contacting with the isomerization catalyst.

Abstract: An ionic liquid catalyst, which has been regenerated by contacting a used ionic liquid catalyst with at least one regeneration metal in a regeneration zone in the presence of added hydrogen under regeneration conditions for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the ionic liquid catalyst. Also, an ionic liquid catalyst which has been regenerated by contacting a used ionic liquid catalyst with at least one regeneration metal in a regeneration zone in the presence of added hydrogen under regeneration conditions in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon in which conjunct polymers are soluble for a time sufficient to increase the activity of the ionic liquid catalyst.

Abstract: A method for reducing halide concentration in a hydrocarbon product having an organic halide content which is made by a hydrocarbon conversion process using a halogen-containing acidic ionic liquid catalyst comprising contacting at least a portion of the hydrocarbon product with an aqueous caustic solution under conditions to reduce the halide concentration in the hydrocarbon product is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to methods of making diester-based lubricant compositions, wherein formation of diester species proceeds via direct esterification of epoxide intermediates. In some embodiments, the methods for making such diester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor and/or low value (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch (FT) olefins and/or alcohols) so as to produce high value diester-based lubricants. In some embodiments, such diester-based lubricants are derived from FT olefins and fatty acids. The fatty acids can be from a bio-based source (i.e., biomass, renewable source) or can be derived from FT alcohols via oxidation.

Abstract: A process for producing alkylate comprising contacting a first hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms which contains 1-butene with an isomerization catalyst under conditions favoring the isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene so the isomerized stream contains a greater concentration of 2-butene than the first hydrocarbon stream and contacting the isomerized stream and a second hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one isoparaffin having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms with an acidic ionic liquid catalyst under alkylation conditions to produce an alkylate stream is disclosed.