Abstract: (S)-2-amino-6-((3-aminopropyl)amino)hexanoic acid (APL) for use in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning, liver fibrosis and steatosis.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically effective salts thereof; wherein R1-R14, m, n, o, p, q and r are as defined herein, are provided for treatment of for increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing insulin resistance, preventing insulin resistance and treating insulin resistance disorders.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to methods of treating or preventing type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes and conditions characterized by an increase in the levels of A1C, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance HOMA-IR), oxidative stress in adipose tissue, and earbonvlation of GLUT4 comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula I-III as described herein, to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically effective salts thereof; wherein R1-R14, m, n, o, p, q and r are as defined herein, are provided for treatment of for increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing insulin resistance, preventing insulin resistance and treating insulin resistance disorders.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —NR14—O—, —O—NR14—, —NR14—NR15— and —S—S—; R1-R15, m, n, o, p, q and r are as defined herein, are provided for treatment for increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing insulin resistance, preventing insulin resistance and treating insulin resistance disorders.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically effective salts thereof; wherein R1-R14, m, n, o, p, q and r are as defined herein, are provided for treatment of for increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing insulin resistance, preventing insulin resistance and treating insulin resistance disorders.

Abstract: The methods described herein are based on the discovery that the plasma level of a panel of specific proteins differs between two subject populations: 1) subjects at risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”) but not manifesting clinical symptoms of COPD; and 2) subjects having very severe COPD. The difference in plasma levels is statistically significant for each protein. The identification of these proteins thus facilitates susceptibility detection, early disease detection, disease severity assessment, disease progression monitoring, and therapy efficacy monitoring.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically effective salts thereof; wherein R1-R14, m, n, o, p, q and r are as defined herein, are provided for treatment of for increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing insulin resistance, preventing insulin resistance and treating insulin resistance disorders.

Abstract: Provided is a method of detecting mild neurocognitive disturbance (MNCD) or HIV associated dementia (HAD) in a patient comprising detecting the level of acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine from a cerebrospinal fluid test sample of the patient; and comparing the level of acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine in the test sample to the level of the acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine in a cerebrospinal fluid control sample or to a control value for lack of neurocognitive impairment, MNCD or HAD; wherein an elevated level of acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine in the test sample as compared to the level in the control sample or a control value for lack of neurocognitive impairment, or a level of acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine that is similar to that of a control value for MNCD or HAD, indicates that the patient suffers from MNCD or HAD. Also provided are methods for measuring the progression of an HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder, as well as methods for staging such a disorder.

Abstract: Compositions include nucleic acid sequences encoding the C-terminal fragment of fragment (Seg3) of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). These compositions provide a target for identification of novel therapeutics having the ability to modulate the translation of Nrf2. Methods of treating subjects are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method for diagnosing and/or staging COPD based on detection of one or more histone proteins. In some embodiments, the histone protein is an H3.3 protein comprising a post-translational modification. In some embodiments, the histone protein is H2B, H3, H3.3 or H4. Kits for practicing the methods of diagnosis and/or staging are provided as well. Further provided is a method for treating COPD.

Abstract: Provided is a method of detecting mild neurocognitive disturbance (MNCD) or HIV associated dementia (HAD) in a patient comprising detecting the level of acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine from a cerebrospinal fluid test sample of the patient; and comparing the level of acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine in the test sample to the level of the acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine in a cerebrospinal fluid control sample or to a control value for lack of neurocognitive impairment, MNCD or HAD; wherein an elevated level of acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine in the test sample as compared to the level in the control sample or a control value for lack of neurocognitive impairment, or a level of acetyl spermine and/or acetyl spermidine that is similar to that of a control value for MNCD or HAD, indicates that the patient suffers from MNCD or HAD. Also provided are methods for measuring the progression of an HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder, as well as methods for staging such a disorder.

Abstract: The invention provides an isolated nucleic acid having a sequence encoding a spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (“SSAT”), wherein translation of an mRNA comprising the encoded SSAT has increased basal translation and increased stimulated translation, compared to a wild-type mRNA encoding SSAT. Methods of use for the nucleic acid are also provided. Methods and compositions are also provided for reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in organs or tissue for transplantation.

Abstract: The methods described herein are based on the discovery that the plasma level of a panel of specific proteins differs between two subject populations: 1) subjects at risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”) but not manifesting clinical symptoms of COPD; and 2) subjects having very severe COPD. The difference in plasma levels is statistically significant for each protein. The identification of these proteins thus facilitates susceptibility detection, early disease detection, disease severity assessment, disease progression monitoring, and therapy efficacy monitoring.

Abstract: Provided is a method for diagnosing and/or staging COPD based on detection of one or more histone proteins. In some embodiments, the histone protein is an H3.3 protein comprising a post-translational modification. In some embodiments, the histone protein is H2B, H3, H3.3 or H4. Kits for practicing the methods of diagnosis and/or staging are provided as well. Further provided is a method for treating COPD.

Abstract: Compositions include nucleic acid sequences encoding the C-terminal fragment of fragment (Seg3) of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). These compositions provide a target for identification of novel therapeutics having the ability to modulate the translation of Nrf2. Methods of treating subjects are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method for diagnosing and/or staging COPD based on detection of one or more histone proteins. In some embodiments, the histone protein is an H3.3 protein comprising a post-translational modification. In some embodiments, the histone protein is H2B, H3, H3.3 or H4. Kits for practicing the methods of diagnosis and/or staging are provided as well. Further provided is a method for treating COPD.

Abstract: A method for determining disease severity in a subject afflicted with a tauopathy-related neurodegenerative disease comprises detecting the level of a PINCH protein or isoform thereof in a test sample comprising brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid. The PINCH protein level in the test sample indicates the relative severity of the tauopathy-related neurodegenerative disease afflicting the subject.

Abstract: Provided is a method for diagnosing and/or staging COPD based on detection of one or more histone proteins. In some embodiments, the histone protein is an H3.3 protein comprising a post-translational modification. In some embodiments, the histone protein is H2B, H3, H3.3 or H4. Kits for practicing the methods of diagnosis and/or staging are provided as well. Further provided is a method for treating COPD.

Abstract: The invention provides an isolated nucleic acid having a sequence encoding a spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (“SSAT”), wherein translation of an mRNA comprising the encoded SSAT has increased basal translation and increased stimulated translation, compared to a wild-type mRNA encoding SSAT. Methods of use for the nucleic acid are also provided. Methods and compositions are also provided for reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury in organs or tissue for transplantation.