Abstract: The invention relates to an electric lamp (102) comprising a primary semiconductor light source (104) in thermal communication with a primary reflector (106). Herein, the primary reflector (106) is reflective, transparent and/or translucent. The primary reflector (106) is configured for transferring heat generated by the primary semiconductor light source (104) during operation away from said primary semiconductor light, source (104). As a result, the electric lamp (102) according to the invention effectively reduces the number of parts comprised in the electric lamp (102), thereby lowering the costs of manufacturing the electric lamp (102).

Abstract: A process for the recovery of maleic anhydride from the gas produced by the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon, n-butane or benzene, is characterized by: a) High efficiency in maleic anhydride recovery b) Reduced formation of maleic acid and fumaric acid c) Reduced maintenance, thanks to the prevented formation of solid deposits in the absorber and in other related equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric lamp (102) comprising a primary semiconductor light source (104) in thermal communication with a primary reflector (106). Herein, the primary reflector (106) is reflective, transparent and/or translucent. The primary reflector (106) is configured for transferring heat generated by the primary semiconductor light source (104) during operation away from said primary semiconductor light, source (104). As a result, the electric lamp (102) according to the invention effectively reduces the number of parts comprised in the electric lamp (102), thereby lowering the costs of manufacturing the electric lamp (102).

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric lamp (102) comprising a primary semiconductor light source (104) in thermal communication with a primary reflector (106). Herein, the primary reflector (106) is reflective, transparent and/or translucent. The primary reflector (106) is configured for transferring heat generated by the primary semiconductor light source (104) during operation away from said primary semiconductor light source (104). As a result, the electric lamp (102) according to the invention effectively reduces the number of parts comprised in the electric lamp (102), thereby lowering the costs of manufacturing the electric lamp (102).

Abstract: A process for the recovery of maleic anhydride from the gas produced by the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon, n-butane or benzene, is characterized by: a) High efficiency in maleic anhydride recovery b) Reduced formation of maleic acid and fumaric acid c) Reduced maintenance, thanks to the prevented formation of solid deposits in the absorber and in other related equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric lamp (102) comprising a primary semiconductor light source (104) in thermal communication with a primary reflector (106). Herein, the primary reflector (106) is reflective, transparent and/or translucent. The primary reflector (106) is configured for transferring heat generated by the primary semiconductor light source (104) during operation away from said primary semiconductor light source (104). As a result, the electric lamp (102) according to the invention effectively reduces the number of parts comprised in the electric lamp (102), thereby lowering the costs of manufacturing the electric lamp (102).

Abstract: A process for the production of N-methyl pyrrolidone using gamma butyrolactone and mixed methylamines as starting materials, in a continuous process, in such operating conditions as to allow the production of high purity N-methyl pyrrolidone in high yields.

Abstract: A continuous process for converting by transesterification the diester of polytetramethylene ether (PTMEA) to the corresponding polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG). The process is characterized by the fact that the feed, consisting of PTMEA along with an alkanol (preferably methanol) and with an alkali metal oxide, hydroxide or alkoxide catalyst (preferably sodium methaoxide) is made to react in two multistaged reactions in series. In the first reactant, including stages of retention in association with distillation trays of high efficiency, the bulk of conversion is achieved by stripping the alkanol ester formed in the transesterification with vapors of hot alkanol having a reduced content of alkanol ester. The transesterification is completed in the second reaction by stripping the effluent from the first reactor with vapors of hot alkanol almost free of alkanol ester.

Abstract: A process for production of tetrahydrofuran and gamma butyrolactone by hydrogenation of maleic anhydride recovered from a process of conversion of a n-butane.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of oxidation catalysts containing vanadium-phosphorus mixed oxides, consisting of: a) contacting a phosphorus compound with a vanadium compound in an organic solvent under conditions allowing the preparation, recovery, drying of said precursor, b) submitting the precursor, prior to calcination, to a treatment by contacting with a stream of dry inert gas containing vapors of an aliphatic anhydride, having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably acetic anhydride, at a temperature not exceeding 200° C., c) calcinating the precursor under an atmosphere containing air, steam, or inert gas or a mixture of them at a temperature between 350° C. and 550° C. at controlled rate of temperature increase during the time necessary to obtain active catalysts, d) using of said catalysts for the production of maleic anhydride by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: In producing maleic anhydride by catalytic oxidation of n-butane in vapor phase using oxygen or enriched air as oxidation medium, the reaction mixture consists of butane, oxygen and a recycling exhaust gas recovered from the absorption stage by a solvent of the maleic anhydride produced in the reaction. In the instant process the carbon monoxide and the carbon dioxide concentration in the reactor mixture are held to on optimum level by performing the reaction on a suitable V.P.O. catalyst, and by feeding to the recycling gases, in addition to butane and oxygen, a carbon dioxide rich gas stream.The carbon dioxide rich gas stream can be produced either by selective absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide from a gaseous stream purged from the recycling exhaust gases or by selective separation on membranes of a carbon dioxide rich stream from the purge gas stream, or by selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide of a gaseous stream purged from the recycling exhaust gases.

Abstract: In producing maleic anhydride by catalytic oxidation of butane in vapor phase, the reaction mixture consists of butane and a recycle gaseous current made of compressed air and exhaust gas recovered from the absorption stage by a solvent of the maleic anhydride produced; oxygen and total butane concentration in the recycle stream are controlled.