Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of preparing and using doped MWNT electrodes, sensors and field-effect transistors. Devices incorporating doped MWNT electrodes, sensors and field-effect transistors are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of preparing and using doped MWNT electrodes, sensors and field-effect transistors. Devices incorporating doped MWNT electrodes, sensors and field-effect transistors are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for selectively depositing molecular ions on nanoscale substrates such as carbon nanotube arrays using electrospray ionization.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of preparing and using doped MWNT electrodes, sensors and field-effect transistors. Devices incorporating doped MWNT electrodes, sensors and field-effect transistors are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of preparing and using doped MWNT electrodes, sensors and field-effect transistors. Devices incorporating doped MWNT electrodes, sensors and field-effect transistors are also disclosed. Also disclosed are devices comprising nanostructured electrodes and methods for measuring free chlorine in an aqueous environment. Also disclosed are diamond coated electrodes for use in electrochemical applications.

Abstract: A sensory apparatus including a substrate including a plurality of sensors to obtain an analyte profile, the sensors including an ion-selective sensor capable of measuring ion content and a chlorine sensor capable of measuring chlorine content, is disclosed. A method of generating an analyte profile, including measuring, directly or indirectly, properties including free chlorine concentration, pH, calcium ion concentration, carbonate ion concentration, and bicarbonate ion concentration, concurrently on a contiguous sample, is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to sodium-selective agents which are monensin amide derivatives and sodium-selective electrodes having sodium-selective membranes containing such monensin amide derivatives. This invention further relates to multisensor flow assemblies incorporating such a monensin amide derivative in a sodium-selective electrode.

Abstract: A readily disposable ion selective electrode assembly, free of onboard reagents, for use in analyzers has a reference element and plural sensor elements linearly positioned in parallel on a substrate. An elastomeric flow channel member containing two parallel grooves creates flow channels on the substrate above the elements. The substrate holds the elastomer in compression and is retained by snaps injection molded into a housing. Electrical contacts and leakfree fluidic connections are provided by spring loaded connectors through the housing. Reference and sample fluids are drawn through the respective flow channels and come together to form a liquid junction downstream from the sensor elements. Bubbles, that might otherwise cause erroneous results, are detected.

Abstract: An analytical separation device in which a capillary sized conduit is formed by a channel in a semiconductor device and the channel is closed by a glass plate. Electrodes are positioned in the channel and to activate the motion of liquids through the conduit by electroosmosis.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhanced recovery of petroleum from a subterranean oil-bearing formation. More particularly, this invention relates to secondary or tertiary recovery of oil employing a polymer-thickened aqueous drive fluid. The polymeric viscosifier for the drive fluid is selected from a class of hydrophobically associating, water soluble polymers containing one or more water soluble monomers and a water insoluble monomer group. The water soluble groups are acrylamide and a salt of acrylic acid and the water insoluble group is a higher alkylacrylamide. These polymers, when dissolved in an aqueous brine solution, have the ability to substantially increase the viscosity of the aqueous solution. The control of displacement fluid mobility results in more uniform sweep efficiency and improved oil recovery.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhanced recovery of petroleum from a subterranean oil-bearing formation. More particularly, this invention relates to secondary or tertiary recovery of oil employing a polymer thickened aqueous drive fluid. The polymeric viscosifier for the drive fluid is selected from a class of hydrophobically associating water soluble polymers containing one or more water soluble monomers and a water insoluble monomer or group. The water soluble groups are acrylamide and a salt of an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid and the water insoluble group is a higher alkyl acrylamide. These polymers, when dissolved in an aqueous brine solution, have the ability to substantially increase the viscosity of the solution. The control of displacement fluid mobility results in more uniform sweep efficiency and improved oil recovery.

Abstract: Surfactant-free stable aqueous foams may be produced by water soluble copolymers of acrylamide and N-alkylacrylamide with chain lengths greater than or equal to 6 carbons. Additionally, these polymers may contain an anionic monomer, such as a monovalent salt of acrylic acid. These copolymers and terpolymers are added to water or brine at a concentration of 0.005 to 2 parts per 100 of solvent. When the resulting solutions are subjected to intensive mixing with the addition of air or other gases, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, high quality, persistent foams are formed. These foams are formed at relatively low polymer concentrations without added surfactants. They have good high temperature stability and excellent salt tolerance.

Abstract: A layered half cell comprising (a) an inert insulating substrate having coated thereon (b) a layer of conductive material having coated thereon (c) a layer of carbon dispersed in a dielectric polymer, the layer being coated with (d) an ion-selective membrane layer, the interface between layers (c) and (d) being partially interdiffused.

Abstract: Immunoassays featuring voltammetric measurements wherein at least one of the immunoreactants is labelled with an electroactive substance. Measurement is effectedon a pulsed-basis to maximize the signal change due to the electron transfer capabilities of the labelled immunoreactants.

Abstract: A disposable integrated miniaturized array of chemical sensors for analyzing concurrently a number of analytes in a fluid sample is described. Each sensor is a complete electrochemical cell consisting of its own individual reference and indicator electrodes and is selective with respect to a particular analyte in the sample.Where required, a sensor can be individually calibrated, such that each analysis can be read directly.

Abstract: A method, for microcoulometric determination either of the activity of an enzyme in a liquid sample or the concentration of a substrate for a reaction involving a change in a coenzyme from a first form thereof to a second form. At intervals during the reaction, both coenzyme forms are measured essentially simultaneously utilizing an electrolytic cell, to indicate either such enzyme activity or substrate concentration, depending upon which is the unknown factor.