Abstract: A process for the conversion of heavy feedstocks selected from heavy crude oils, distillation residues from crude oil or coming from catalytic treatment, visbreaker tars, thermal tars, bitumens from oil sands, liquids from coats of different origins and other high-boiling feedstocks of a hydrocarbon nature known as “black oils.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of heavy feedstocks selected from heavy crude oils, distillation residues from crude oil or catalytic treatment, “visbreaker tars”, “thermal tars”, bitumens from “oil sands” liquids from coals of different origins and other high boiling feedstocks of a hydrocarbon origin.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of heavy feedstocks selected from heavy crude oils, distillation residues from crude oil or catalytic treatment, “visbreaker tars”, “thermal tars”, bitumens from “oil sands” liquids from coals of different origins and other high boiling feedstocks of a hydrocarbon origin, comprising the following steps: •mixing the heavy feedstock with a suitable hydrogenation catalyst and sending the mixture obtained to a first hydrotreatment area (HT1) to which hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and H2S are introduced; •sending the effluent stream from the first hydrotreatment area (HT1), containing the hydrotreatment reaction product and the catalyst in dispersed phase, to a first distillation area (D1) having one or more flash steps and/or atmospheric distillation and/or vacuum distillation whereby the various fractions coming from the hydrotreatment reaction are separated; •sending at least part of the distillation residue (tar) or liquid leaving the flash unit of the first distillation area (D1

Abstract: Process for the conversion of heavy feedstocks comprising the following steps: mixing the heavy feedstock with a suitable hydrogenation catalyst and sending the mixture obtained to a first hydrotreatment area (HT1) to which hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and H2S are introduced; sending the effluent stream from the first hydrotreatment area (HT1), containing the hydrotreatment reaction product and the catalyst in dispersed phase, to a first distillation area (D1) having one or more flash steps and/or atmospheric distillation and/or vacuum distillation whereby the various fractions coming from the hydrotreatment reaction are separated; sending at least part of the distillation residue (tar) or liquid leaving the flash unit of the first distillation area (D1), containing the catalyst in dispersed phase, rich in metallic sulfides produced by demetallation of the feedstock and optionally minimum quantities of coke, to a deasphalting area (SDA) in the presence of solvents or to a physical separation area, obtain

Abstract: The device comprises: an actuator unit arranged to apply a tension force on a pair of operating cables provided with a sheath; and a force sensing unit for providing a signal indicative of the force applied the sheath by either of the two operating cables (12a). The force sensing unit comprises: a pack of Belleville springs coupled to an end portion of the sheath and arranged to deform as a result of the tension force applied by the actuator unit on the operating cable; and a Hall position sensor for detecting the displacement of the end portion of the sheath as a result of the deformation of the pack of springs.

Abstract: An interface circuit is described for use between a direct-current voltage source and a circuit for the pulsed driving of a load such as an electric motor, in parallel with which at least one high-capacitance capacitor is connected, the interface circuit comprising a MOSFET transistor connected to a control circuit suitable for driving the transistor in accordance with predetermined procedures. The interface circuit comprises a first supply terminal and a second supply terminal which are intended operatively to be connected to the voltage source, permanently and temporarily, respectively.

Abstract: The device comprises a gear shift lever which is supported on a stationary support casing and includes a rod having an upper straight section, an upper sleeve fixed to the upper straight section of the rod, and a lower sleeve mounted on the upper straight section of the rod so that it can slide between a lower end-travel position and an upper end-travel position. The lower sleeve is provided with a male stop element arranged to releasably engage a female stop element provided on the stationary support casing, in such a manner as to lock the gear shift lever in a predetermined reference position. According to the invention, the lower sleeve is arranged to rotate between a first angular position, in which the male stop element is aligned with the female stop element in the vertical direction of sliding of the lower sleeve, and a second angular position, in which the male stop element is rotated 90 degrees relative to the female stop element.

Abstract: The device, suitable for connecting one end of an operating cable to a control member, particularly a control lever of a vehicle gearbox, includes: an outer body to be attached to the operating cable, having a through opening; and a bush arranged to be inserted into the through opening of the body to be locked inside it in a final assembled position and having a snap-action spherical seat for receiving a ball head of a pin to be connected to the control member. The spherical seat is provided with an elastically deformable element formed integrally with the bush and extending from the top of the seat in such a way as to elastically oppose the insertion of the ball head into the seat.

Abstract: The device comprises: an actuator unit arranged to apply a tension force on a pair of operating cables provided with a sheath; and a force sensing unit for providing a signal indicative of the force applied the sheath by either of the two operating cables (12a). The force sensing unit comprises: a pack of Belleville springs coupled to an end portion of the sheath and arranged to deform as a result of the tension force applied by the actuator unit on the operating cable; and a Hall position sensor for detecting the displacement of the end portion of the sheath as a result of the deformation of the pack of springs.

Abstract: The device comprises: a rotary drive motor, a speed reducer of epicyclic type including an input shaft, and output shaft and a rotatable outer body coaxial with the input and output shafts and with which is associated a resilient biasing member operable to oppose its rotation; the input shaft being coupled for rotation to the motor output shaft and having an output shaft coupled operatively to a load; an electric transducer operable to provide signals indicative of the magnitude of the load applied to the output shaft of the speed reducer; and a control and command unit arranged to pilot the motor (2) in a predetermined manner.

Abstract: The actuator comprises an electric motor, a reduction unit and a mechanism for converting the rotary movement driven by the motor into the reciprocating rectilinear motion of a driven member for transmitting its movement to a slider or plunger housed in a hydraulic cartridge for supplying a hydraulic actuator intended to operate the clutch of a motor vehicle. The motion conversion mechanism includes a cam-type operating member rotated by the motor through the reduction unit and acting on the driven member. The cam member has a profile comprising, in succession, a first portion designed to cause the disengagement of the clutch, a second portion designed to keep the clutch in the disengaged position, and a third portion designed to cause the engagement of the clutch.

Abstract: The device, suitable for connecting one end of an operating cable to a control member, particularly a control lever of a vehicle gearbox, comprises: an outer body to be attached to the operating cable, having a through opening; and a bush arranged to be inserted into the through opening of the body to be locked inside it in a final assembled position and having a snap-action seat suitable for receiving a ball head of a pin intended to be connected to the control member. The seat of the bush is provided with elastically deformable means, formed integrally with the bush, able to elastically oppose the insertion of the ball head into the seat in such a way as to prevent the device from being left erroneously in a pre-assembled condition in which the ball head is received in the seat but the bush is not locked in the opening of the body.

Abstract: The device, for connecting an end of a control cable to a control member, in particular to the gearshift lever of a motor-vehicle gearbox, includes: an outer body connectable to the control cable and having a through aperture; a bush insertable into the through hole of the body to be releasably locked in an assembly position; and a cover for closing the through aperture at the axially opposite side to that in which the bush is insertable. The bush is provided with resilient engagement means for cooperating with respective retaining members on the body so as releasably to lock the bush in the assembly position, and cam portions formed in one piece with the resilient engagement means.

Abstract: The system is operable to control a robotized gearbox which includes control levers which can be displaced along at least one working line along which a plurality of nominal operating positions are defined which correspond to the speed ratios or gears and to a neutral position. The control system includes electro-mechanical actuators coupled to the control levers and operable to displace them along the said at least one working line, and an electronic control unit operable to control these actuators to operate in a predetermined manner, so as to position the control levers selectively in one of the operating positions. The control levers have associated sensors operable to supply the control unit with signals which together indicate that the levers have reached predetermined positions along the said at least one operating line.

Abstract: The system is operable to control a robotized gearbox which includes control levers which can be displaced along at least one working line along which a plurality of nominal operating positions are defined which correspond to the speed ratios or gears and to a neutral position.

Abstract: An actuator unit for a braking device, particularly for a vehicle parking brake, includes a casing (3) for supporting an electric motor (7) and a male-and-female screw unit (21, 23). The male-and-female screw unit comprises a rotatable element (21) connected for rotation with the output shaft (7a) of the electric motor (7) and an element (23, 25) which is slidable relative to the casing (3) as a result of the rotation of the rotatable element (21), the slidable element (23, 25) being associated with a transmission member (33) pivotable relative to the casing (3) and provided with a pair of arms to the ends of which respective brake-operating cables (41) are connected. The transmission member (33) is articulated to the slidable element (23, 25) of the male-and-female screw unit (21, 23) by means of at least one transverse pin (29) and the pin (29) engages a respective axial guide (32) of the casing (3) so that rotation of the slidable element (23, 25) relative to the casing (3) is prevented.

Abstract: An interface circuit is described for use between a direct-current voltage source and a circuit for the pulsed driving of a load such as an electric motor, in parallel with which at least one high-capacitance capacitor is connected, the interface circuit comprising

Abstract: A unit for the servo-assisted operation of a motor-vehicle gearbox comprises an actuator which can control the combined movement of a pair of mechanical operating members of the gearbox, for selection and engagement, respectively, in order to engage one of the transmission ratios of the gearbox in dependence on the position of a remote gearshift lever. The actuator is remote from the gearbox and is connected to the mechanical operating members by means of push-pull cables.

Abstract: A continuous process for deasphalting and demetallating a residue from crude oil distillation, by means of dimethyl carbonate as extraction solvent, comprises:mixing a residue from crude oil distillation with a recycled liquid stream containing oil and dimethyl carbonate, in order to produce a homogeneous solution;cooling said homogeneous solution and separating a refined light, liquid, phase; an extracted middle phase; and a heavy phase containing asphaltenes;recovering a primary, deasphalted/demetallated oil from said light phase;partially recycling said middle phase to the mixing step, and recovering a secondary deasphalted oil from the residual fraction;recovering asphaltenes from said heavy phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for treating a refinery slurry containing water, oil and a solid fraction, wherein the slurry is brought into contact with carbon dioxide gas in order to adjust the pH value of said slurry to an acidic value and, in that way, improve the separation, by mechanical means, of a first water phase and a first oil phase, from a sludge. The latter is submitted to an extraction with carbon dioxide, under supercritical conditions, in order to separate a second water phase and a second oil phase from a residual sludge, which is disposed of.The process makes it possible to remove most of the water, and, in particular, most of the oil contained in said slurry and a sludge to be disposed of which shows a reduced propensity to the elution of the residual oil.