Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode for diaphragm chlor-alkali cells delimited by a conductive foraminous surface and having an internal volume containing two juxtaposed elements aimed at improving the fluid and electrical current distribution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a structure of a cathodic finger for diaphragm electrolysis cells consisting of an external mesh and an internal reinforcing and current-distributing structure provided with protrusions suitable for maximizing the contact points with the external mesh.

Abstract: A structure of cathodic fingers for a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell with improved voltage and faradic efficiency is described, characterized in that a sheet provided with projections is inserted inside each finger. The interwoven wire mesh or the perforated sheet, forming each finger, is secured by a conductive connection, preferably by welding, to the top of each projection, thereby providing optimal uniformity of the electrical current distribution. The projections have a shape preferably equivalent to spherical caps, disposed in a quincuncial pattern. The internal volume of each finger is subdivided by the sheet provided with projections into two portions wherein both the free upward motion of hydrogen bubbles and the free longitudinal motion of the separated hydrogen take place towards the cell perimetrical chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for wine evolution by electrochemical way, with reduced treatment times and controlled selectivity. The process may be carried out at the anodic compartment of an electrochemical reactor subdivided by a semipermeable membrane on a valve metal anode, for instance a titanium anode, provided with catalytic coating containing platinum or other noble metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode for diaphragm chlor-alkali cells delimited by a conductive foraminous surface and having an internal volume containing two juxtaposed elements aimed at improving the fluid and electrical current distribution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for wine evolution by electrochemical way, with reduced treatment times and controlled selectivity. The process may be carried out at the anodic compartment of an electrochemical reactor subdivided by a semipermeable membrane on a valve metal anode, for instance a titanium anode, provided with catalytic coating containing platinum or other noble metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a structure of a cathodic finger for diaphragm electrolysis cells consisting of an external mesh and an internal reinforcing and current-distributing structure provided with protrusions suitable for maximising the contact points with the external mesh.

Abstract: The invention describes heat exchange devices for dry-type inlet end-boxes of mercury cathode chlor-alkali electrolysis cells. The devices increase the heat exchange between recycled mercury and feed brine with the purpose of reducing the temperature of mercury to a substantial extent The devices consist of a first element directed to subdivide the mercury flow into a fine and a stable dispersion of rivulets and droplets and of a second element capable of increasing the brine level to allow the prolonged contact thereof with mercury. The decrease of mercury temperature below the critical value of 90-95 ° C. determines an advantageous duration improvement of the end-box internal lining.

Abstract: An adjustable elastic element (19) for forcing the surfaces of expandable-type anodes for diaphragm chlor-alkali cells wherein such element consists of a U-shaped elastic sheet provided with at least one adjusting mechanism comprising both one collar (29) which fastens the elastic sheet through openings obtained in the sheet itself and one gear (23) connectable to a removable external tool consisting of a handle and a shaft whereby turning the tool, a rotation of the gears is produced, in its turn acting on the collar controlling the span of the anode surfaces. And the span is freely adjustable in order to establish a predetermined controlled gap between anode and finger-supported diaphragm surfaces, or alternatively to bring such surfaces in contact without introducing however a useless and hazardous compression.

Abstract: A structure of cathodic fingers for a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell with improved voltage and faradic efficiency is described, characterised in that a sheet provided with projections is inserted inside each finger. The interwoven wire mesh or the perforated sheet, forming each finger, is secured by a conductive connection, preferably by welding, to the top of each projection, thereby providing optimal uniformity of the electrical current distribution. The projections have a shape preferably equivalent to spherical caps, disposed in a quincuncial pattern. The internal volume of each finger is subdivided by the sheet provided with projections into two portions wherein both the free upward motion of hydrogen bubbles and the free longitudinal motion of the separated hydrogen take place towards the cell perimetrical chamber.

Abstract: It is described a newly designed anode suitable for bipolar type diaphragm chlor-alkali electrolyzers characterised by being made of two parallel opposed titanium sheets provided with openings and a catalytic coating for chlorine evolution, and with an elastically responding expansion device fixed to each surface of the two sheets, wherein the opening of the expansion device and thereby of the sheets fixed thereto is adjusted by a mobile pivot comprising two sections of different diameter and a spring. The spring is compressed when the anodes are assembled in the electrolyzer allowing the sliding of the pivot causing the two sheets to spread out. Hence, the distance between sheets and cathode-supported diaphragms is decreased or even suppressed depending on the regulation of the device effected before assembling and the operating electric voltage of the electrolyzer results substantially reduced.

Abstract: The invention concerns a motorized device for adjusting the interelectrodic gap in mercury cathode electrolysis cells, mainly consisting of a frame, to which a number of anodes are suspended, movable in the vertical direction by means of a single jackscrew driven by a gear motor acting on double levers. The jackscrew with the motor and the lever system are fixed to a main frame, supported on the cell bottom by means of supports positioned on adjustable columns, while the above mentioned movable frame (also called sub-frame) carrying the anodes, is connected to the lever arms by means of four hinged supports. The shifting of the movable frame and, consequently, of the anodes can be controlled by a centralized and computerized system (which is not part of the invention) as a function of voltage and current variation measurements.

Abstract: The invention concerns a motorized device for adjusting the interelectrodic gap in mercury cathode electrolysis cells, mainly consisting of a frame, to which a number of anodes are suspended, movable in the vertical direction by means of a single jackscrew driven by a gear motor acting on double levers. The jackscrew with the motor and the lever system are fixed to a main frame, supported on the cell bottom by means of supports positioned on adjustable columns, while the above mentioned movable frame (also called sub-frame) carrying the anodes, is connected to the lever arms by means of four hinged supports.