Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of manufacturing an electrochemical energy storage device, such as a hybrid capacitor. The method comprises saturating a porous electrically conductive material in a solution comprising an organic solvent and a metal complex or a mixture of metal complexes; assembling a capacitor comprising the positive electrode made of porous electrically conductive material saturated with a metal complex, a negative electrode, and a separator in a casing; introducing the electrolyte solution into the casing; sealing the casing; and subsequent charge-discharge cycling of the capacitor. The charge-discharge cycling deposits a layer of an energy-accumulating redox polymer on the positive electrode. The electrolyte solution for filling the hybrid capacitor contains an organic solvent, a metal complex, and substances soluble to a concentration of no less than 0.01 mol/L and containing ions that are electrochemically inactive within the range of potentials between ?3.0 V to +1.5 V.

Abstract: A method of preparing an energy-storage device is disclosed, which involves deposition of a redox polymer of the poly-Me(R-Salen) type onto a conducting substrate by electrochemical polymerization to prepare an electrode for use in the energy-storage device. Polymerization occurs at a voltage applied between the substrate and a counter-electrode, both of which are submerged in an electrolyte. The electrolyte contains an organic solvent, compounds capable of dissolving in the solvent and forming electrochemically inactive ions at concentrations of no less than 0.01 mol/L within the range of potentials from ?3.0 V to +1.5 V, and a metal complex polymer represented by the formula poly-[Me(R-Salen)] dissolved at a concentration of no less than 5×10?5 mol/L, wherein Me is a transition metal having at least two different degrees of oxidation, R is an electron-donating substituent, and Salen is a residue of bis(salicylaldehyde)-ethylenediamine.

Abstract: Application of a redox polymer of the poly-[Me(R-Salen)] type onto a conducting substrate is accomplished by the method of electrochemical polymerization. Said polymerization is accomplished by supplying a voltage between the substrate (that serves as an anode) and a counter electrode (that serves as a cathode), with both of them being submerged into the electrolyte containing an organic solvent and the compounds capable of dissolving in said solvent. The process is accompanied by the production of electrochemically inactive (at concentrations of no less than 0.01 mol/l) ions within the range of potentials from ?3.0 V to +1.5 V, and metal complex [Me(R-Salen)] dissolved at a concentration of no less than 5-10?5 mol/l, (where: Me is a transition metal having at least two different degrees of oxidation, R is an electron-donating substituent, Salen is a residue of bis-(salicylaldehyde)-ethylenediamine in Schiff's base.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrode for an electrochemical element absorbs monomers for polymerization on a surface having a specific surface area of 100 to 3000 m2g?1 and having an average pore diameter in the range of 0.4 to 100 nm, performing electrolysis polymerization by applying pulse voltage, and forming a conductive polymer layer on the surface of the conductive porous material, forming a thin and uniform electrode film. In a method for producing an electrochemical element, a conductive polymer layer is formed on the conductive porous material by absorbing monomers for polymerization on a surface of a conductive porous material having a specific surface area and pore diameter as above forming a electrochemical cell by using the conductive porous material, the monomers are absorbed in the pores, putting the electrochemical cell and the electrolyte solution in an outer casing, and performing electrolysis polymerization of the monomers in the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: To provide an electrode material excellent in output characteristics and cycle property and an electrochemical device using the electrode material. The electrode material comprising polymer complex compound represented by the following graphical formula: and the electrochemical device using the electrode material. Even if such a large size ion is employed, enhanced output characteristics could be obtained in the present invention. Polymer complex compound is polarized due to an electron attracting substituent, or steric hindrance occurs due to a substituent having a branch structure so that interval of polymer complex compound formed on the electrode is increased and doping reaction. Therefore, even if using large size ions smooth and rapid doping and undoping reaction could take place.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing an electrode material which is improved in energy density and is excellent in output characteristics. The present invention provides a manufacturing method for the electrode material comprising the steps of: 1) immersing a conductive material having a specific surface area of 200 to 3000 m2g?1 in a complex monomer solution of a transition metal having at least two different oxidation numbers, 2) performing electro polymerization by applying pulse voltage using the conductive material as an electrode to stack the complex monomer under the condition that electrolyzation time is 0.

Abstract: The invention is an electrochemical capacitor with its electrodes made on a conducting substrate with a layer of a redox polymer of the poly[Me(R-Salen)] type deposited onto the substrate. Me is a transition metal (for example, Ni, Pd, Co, Cu, Fe), R is an electron-donating substituent (for example, CH3O—, C2H5O—, HO—, —CH3), Salen is a residue of bis(salicylaldehyde)-ethylendiamine in Schiff's base. The electrolyte comprises of an organic solvent, compounds capable of dissolving in such solvents with the resulting concentration of no less than 0.01 mol/l and dissociating with the formation of ions, which are electrochemically inactive within the range of potentials from ?3.0 V to +1.5 V (for example, salts of tetramethyl ammonium, tetrapropyl ammonium, tetrabutyl ammonium), and a dissolved metal complex [Me(R-Salen)]. The method of using the capacitor contemplates periodically alternating the connection polarity of the electrodes, causing the electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes to regenerate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of manufacturing an electrochemical energy storage device, such as a hybrid capacitor. The method comprises saturating a porous electrically conductive material in a solution comprising an organic solvent and a metal complex or a mixture of metal complexes; assembling a capacitor comprising the positive electrode made of porous electrically conductive material saturated with a metal complex, a negative electrode, and a separator in a casing; introducing the electrolyte solution into the casing; sealing the casing; and subsequent charge-discharge cycling of the capacitor. The charge-discharge cycling deposits a layer of an energy-accumulating redox polymer on the positive electrode. The electrolyte solution for filling the hybrid capacitor contains an organic solvent, a metal complex, and substances soluble to a concentration of no less than 0.01 mol/L and containing ions that are electrochemically inactive within the range of potentials between ?3.0 V to +1.5 V.

Abstract: Deposition of a redox polymer of the poly-Me(R-Salen) type onto a conducting substrate by electrochemical polymerization is disclosed. Said polymerization occurs at a voltage applied between the substrate and a counter-electrode, both of which are submerged into the electrolyte. The electrolyte contains an organic solvent, compounds capable of dissolving in the solvent and forming electrochemically inactive ions at concentrations of no less than 0.01 mol/l within the range of potentials from ?3.0 V to +1.5 V, and a metal complex poly-[Me(R-Salen)] dissolved at a concentration of no less than 5×10?5 mole/liter. Me is transition metal having at least two different degrees of oxidation, R is an electron-donating substituent, Salen is a residue of bis(salicylaldehyde)-ethylenediamine in Schiff' s base). Deposition of the redox occurs in the electrolyte where the cations of the compounds have a diameter larger than that of the electrolyte cations of energy storing device containing the electrode.

Abstract: The invention is an electrochemical capacitor with its electrodes made on a conducting substrate with a layer of a redox polymer of the poly[Me(R-Salen)] type deposited onto the substrate. Me is a transition metal (for example, Ni, Pd, Co, Cu, Fe), R is an electron-donating substituent (for example, CH3O—, C2H5O—, HO—, —CH3), Salen is a residue of bis(salicylaldehyde)-ethylendiamine in Schiff's base. The electrolyte comprises of an organic solvent, compounds capable of dissolving in such solvents with the resulting concentration of no less than 0.01 mol/l and dissociating with the formation of ions, which are electrochemically inactive within the range of potentials from ?3.0 V to +1.5 V (for example, salts of tetramethyl ammonium, tetrapropyl ammonium, tetrabutyl ammonium), and a dissolved metal complex [Me(R-Salen)]. The method of using the capacitor contemplates periodically alternating the connection polarity of the electrodes, causing the electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes to regenerate.

Abstract: Application of a redox polymer of the poly-[Me(R-Salen)] type onto a conducting substrate is accomplished by the method of electrochemical polymerization. Said polymerization is accomplished by supplying a voltage between the substrate (that serves as an anode) and a counter electrode (that serves as a cathode), with both of them being submerged into the electrolyte containing an organic solvent and the compounds capable of dissolving in said solvent. The process is accompanied by the production of electrochemically inactive (at concentrations of no less than 0.01 mol/l) ions within the range of potentials from ?3.0 V to +1.5 V, and metal complex [Me(R-Salen)] dissolved at a concentration of no less than 5·10?5 mol/l, (where: Me is a transition metal having at least two different degrees of oxidation, R is an electron-donating substituent, Salen is a residue of bis-(salicylaldehyde)-ethylenediamine in Schiff's base.

Abstract: An energy storage device, such as a battery or supercapacitor, that includes at least two electrodes, at least one of the electrodes includes an electrically conducting substrate having a layer of energy accumulating redox polymer complex compound of transition metal having at least two different degrees of oxidation, which polymer complex compound is formed of stacked transition metal complex monomers. The stacked transition metal complex monomers have a planar structure with the deviation from the plane of no greater than 0.1 nm and a branched system of conjugated &pgr;-bonds. The polymer complex compound of transition metal can be formed as a polymer metal complex with substituted tetra-dentate Schiff's base. The layer thickness of redox polymer is within the range 1 nm-20 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An energy storage device, such as a battery or supercapacitor, that includes at least two electrodes, at least one of the electrodes includes an electrically conducting substrate having a layer of energy accumulating redox polymer complex compound of transition metal having at least two different degrees of oxidation, which polymer complex compound is formed of stacked transition metal complex monomers. The stacked transition metal complex monomers have a planar structure with the deviation from the plane of no greater than 0.1 nm and a branched system of conjugated &pgr;-bonds. The polymer complex compound of transition metal can be formed as a polymer metal complex with substituted tetra-dentate Schiff's base. The layer thickness of redox polymer is within the range 1 nm-20 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A power plant includes a high temperature fuel cell, a volume expansion heat engine producing mechanical energy, and a combustion chamber coupled to receive from said fuel cell at least a portion of unconsumed fuel and apply high pressure combusted gases to the engine. A reformer can feed fuel to said fuel cell. A distributor distributes fuel cell exhaust fuel selectively to the reformer and the combustion chamber and varies the ratio of exhaust fuel fed to the reformer and combustion chamber in accordance with predetermined power desired from said fuel cell and engine.

Abstract: The present invention refers to methods for the manufacture of gas-diffusion electrodes to be used for water electrolysis and ozone production, as well as electrodes for fuel cells and other electrochemical devices. A portion of protons of an ion-exchange polymer is substituted in the channels of a channel-cluster structure of an ion-exchange polymer with cations of metal catalyst. This substitution is performed via the ion exchange process. Then said cations are electrochemically reduced in the form of metal particles of a catalyst on those areas of substrate where the latter is in contact with the channels of the channel-cluster structure of the ion-exchange polymer layer.

Abstract: A stationary power plant intended for use in houses and industrial or commercial buildings includes a high temperature fuel cell, a reformer for converting hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a combustion chamber, and a volume expansion engine. The fuel mixture from the reformer enters the fuel cell, where it is processed along with oxygen from the air to produce electricity. The hot gases exiting the fuel cell, including unprocessed fuel, are passed to the combustion chamber where the fuel remnants are burned resulting in better fuel efficiency. The exhaust from the combustion chamber drives the volume expansion engine. The fuel cell, combustion chamber and volume expansion engine combination provides better dynamic load response than other fuel-cell-based power plants. One example of an entire building fuel cell power plant is disclosed which can operate in various modes to drive or thermally modify building water, air, sewage, and/or electricity.

Abstract: A power plant includes a high temperature fuel cell, a volume expansion heat engine producing mechanical energy, and a combustion chamber coupled to receive from said fuel cell at least a portion of unconsumed fuel and apply high pressure combusted gases to the engine. A reformer can feed fuel to said fuel cell. A distributor distributes fuel cell exhaust fuel selectively to the reformer and the combustion chamber and varies the ratio of exhaust fuel fed to the reformer and combustion chamber in accordance with predetermined power desired from said fuel cell and engine.