Abstract: Earthquake tremors dislodge a pedestal-mounted ball which then blocks the outlet passage of a casing installed in a gas line. To make the device more sensitive, the pedestal is spring-supported in the casing. Further, several balls may be suspended from wires in such position that, when they sway because of tremor, they knock the shut-off ball from the pedestal. The ball may be knocked from the pedestal in an emergency by kicking or rapping it. Additionally, the pedestal may be mounted on horizontal ball bearings with an adjustable compressive force which makes the shut-off ball especially sensitive both to vertical and horizontal tremors. In a severe emergency, such as an earthquake, the device saves lives and property by minimizing potential leakage and explosion from ruptured pipes.

Abstract: A solar heating panel has a rectangular frame to receive a rectangular metal pan which supports a continuous coil of water tubing which is attached thereto by strips of metal attached to the pan. Preferably, the frame is divided into quadrants by rails. Each quadrant is closed off by a pane of glass cushioned and weather-stripped to the frame and rails. Above the glass is a continuous sheet of a synthetic, highly transparent plastic which is attached to the frame by a gasket. Provision is made for thermal expansion of the various components, for drainage, for prevention of leakage of moisture and for insulation. The panel can be incorporated in a household water heating system and also to heat space. The metal pan has a roughened surface (e.g., pebbled, diamond-embossed) and is painted black. This structure increases the area exposed to the sun, eliminates reflection, interrupts flow of cooling air across the surface of the pan, and reduces the effect of expansion and contraction.