Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a response time measurement apparatus, a response time measurement system and a response time measurement method for measuring a response output time from a facility corresponding to an input signal, and more particularly, a response time measurement apparatus, a response time measurement system and a response time measurement method in which the output display of a facility is captured through a capture device to detect an output time on the basis thereof.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a response time measurement apparatus, a response time measurement system and a response time measurement method for measuring a response output time from a facility corresponding to an input signal, and more particularly, a response time measurement apparatus, a response time measurement system and a response time measurement method in which the output display of a facility is captured through a capture device to detect an output time on the basis thereof.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a functional leather comprises a step for preparing a first mixed solution by melting only chitosan, or melting chitosan and chitosan derivative into an acid solution; a step for preparing a second mixed solution containing a material radiating minus ions and the chitosan solution; and a step for depositing a leather into the second mixed solution, and a functional leather manufactured by the above method. This invention provides a functional leather product having strong antibacterial effect and deodorization effect and thereby, it is very helpful for a human being's health.

Abstract: A page buffer circuit with reduced size and methods for reading and programming data is provided. In the reading operation, the page buffer circuit reads out a data bit by alternatively using a higher bit register or a lower bit register regardless of whether the data bit read from the multi-level cell is a higher bit or a lower bit, thereby reducing the circuit area and improves the performance of operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a page buffer circuit with a reduced size, and a flash memory device having the page buffer circuit and program operation method thereof. According to the present invention, a page buffer circuit can perform a program operation of a Multi-Level Cell (MLC) using a data verify circuit even without a data compare circuit. Accordingly, an occupation area can be reduced and the size of a flash memory device can also be reduced.

Abstract: A method of controlling a copy-back operation of a flash memory device including multi-level cells. In the method, the copy-back operation can be executed even without an additional storage space. Accordingly, a program time can be shortened and operational performance of a flash memory device can be improved.

Abstract: An oscillator of a semiconductor memory device, wherein a reference voltage that flexibly shifts according to the shift in a power supply voltage is generated, and a reference clock is generated using the reference voltage. It is thus possible to generate the reference clock having a constant cycle regardless of the shift in the power supply voltage which can keep constant the duration period of internal control signals of devices, such as a timer and a pump circuit, which are synchronized to the reference clock.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a micro cantilever-type probe disposed on a probe card, having such appropriate elasticity and mechanical strength that the probe would recover its unforced shape after deformation during an inspection and maintain its original shape even after three hundred thousand uses. The present invention provides a probe card which has an electrically insulated substrate fixed on a circuit board; a plurality of elastic probes with a sharpened end fixed on the insulated substrate; and wiring formed on the probe, the insulated substrate and the circuit board. The inventive probe is manufactured by patterning a substrate using photolithography and etching a portion except a pattern-defined portion. The probe is coated by metal layer(s).

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a micro cantilever-type probe disposed on a probe card, having such appropriate elasticity and mechanical strength that the probe would recover its unforced shape after deformation during an inspection and maintain its original shape even after three hundred thousand uses. The present invention provides a probe card comprising an electrically insulated substrate fixed on a circuit board; a plurality of elastic probes with a sharpened end fixed on the insulated substrate; and wiring formed on the probe, the insulated substrate and the circuit board. The inventive probe is manufactured by patterning a substrate using photolithography and etching a portion except a pattern-defined portion. The probe is coated by metal layer(s).