Abstract: Systems and methods for performing contactless wellhead displacement measurements in a desert environment include adjusting an alignment of optical components in an optical system based on a temperature of the optical system. A pattern of infrared light is projected from the optical system onto a portion of a wellhead, the infrared light having a wavelength away from water absorption wavelengths and solar maxima wavelengths. Reflections of the pattern of infrared light from the portion of the wellhead are captured using an imaging sensor of the optical system. A displacement of the wellhead is measured based on the projected pattern of infrared light and the reflections.

Abstract: A system includes a pipe for transporting one or more fluids, the pipe including a scale deposit formed on an inner circumferential surface thereof and defining a reduced diameter flow area within the pipe, and a hybrid descaling tool sized to be received within the pipe. The hybrid descaling tool includes a laser head comprising a hollow cylindrical body with an internal, ring-shaped laser path, the laser head operable to emit a ring-shaped laser beam through the ring-shaped laser path, and an acid nozzle protruding forward from the hollow cylindrical body of the laser head and into the reduced diameter flow area, the acid nozzle including one or more acid outlets within the reduced diameter flow area.

Abstract: A system for photocatalytic conversion includes a flowline, in which a production flow travels in a flow direction; and a reactor module. The reactor module includes a waveguide; a photocatalyst coupled to the waveguide, configured to convert hydrogen sulfide in the production flow to hydrogen and sulfur; a heater configured to heat a bottom of the reactor module, such that the sulfur is in liquid phase; and a sulfur collector configured to collect the sulfur. A method for photocatalytic conversion includes introducing a production flow from a flowline to a reactor module, the production flow including hydrogen sulfide and traveling in a flow direction; directing a light from a light source to a photocatalyst through a waveguide; converting the hydrogen sulfide into hydrogen and sulfur using the photocatalyst; and heating a portion of the reactor module to an elevated temperature, the sulfur in a liquid phase under the elevated temperature.

Abstract: A laser tool system, which includes an optical fiber having an input end and an output end and a laser tool body, is described. The output end of the optical fiber may be optically connected to a laser source. The laser tool body may include a laser head optically connected to the laser output end, an activating chamber connected to the laser head, a heat transfer agent, an exit port, a nozzle connected to the exit port, and a fluid conduit. The fluid conduit may deliver a fluid into contact with the heat transfer agent. Methods for heating an aqueous fluid and heating a fluid in a reservoir are also described. The methods may include irradiating a heat transfer agent to provide an irradiated heat transfer agent, providing a fluid, and contacting the irradiated heat transfer agent with the fluid, thereby heating the fluid and forming a heated fluid mixture.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring wellhead displacement include receiving a speckle interferogram from an imaging sensor based on infrared light transmitted to and reflected from a portion of a wellhead; correlating the speckle interferogram with a reference speckle interferogram, the reference speckle interferogram indicating a previous position of the portion of the wellhead; and measuring a displacement of the wellhead based on the correlation of the speckle interferogram and the reference speckle interferogram.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing contactless wellhead displacement measurements include receiving a shadowgraph from an imaging sensor based on a shadow generated by a portion of a wellhead blocking light from a coherent infrared light source, the infrared light having a wavelength away from water absorption wavelengths and solar maxima wavelengths. A feature is detected in the shadowgraph based on interference patterns in the shadowgraph caused by diffraction of the light. The feature represents an edge of the portion of the wellhead. A displacement of the wellhead is measured based on the location of the feature in the shadowgraph and a previously detected location of the feature.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing contactless wellhead displacement measurements in a desert environment include adjusting an alignment of optical components in an optical system based on a temperature of the optical system. A pattern of infrared light is projected from the optical system onto a portion of a wellhead, the infrared light having a wavelength away from water absorption wavelengths and solar maxima wavelengths. Reflections of the pattern of infrared light from the portion of the wellhead are captured using an imaging sensor of the optical system. A displacement of the wellhead is measured based on the projected pattern of infrared light and the reflections.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for performing in-situ permeability measurements in a wellbore are disclosed. The method may include providing a laser tunnelling system for in-situ permeability measurements that may include a laser generation unit configured to generate a laser beam, a downhole tool including a laser head, and a fiber optic cable coupled to the laser generation unit and configured to convey the laser beam to the downhole tool. The method may further include emitting the laser beam, from the laser head, against the wellbore to form a sealed tunnel through a rock formation surrounding the downhole tool to reach an undamaged zone. The method may further include retrieving a sensor signal from at least one sensor and determining permeability of the undamaged zone from the sensor signal.

Abstract: A downhole tool system includes a bottom hole assembly that includes a connector, a laser head, a light source emitter, and a sensing assembly. The connector is configured to couple to a downhole conveyance run into a wellbore to a reservoir rock formation. The laser head is configured to emit a laser beam toward the reservoir rock formation at a fixed frequency. The light source emitter is configured to emit a light beam toward the reservoir rock formation. The sensing assembly includes at least one optical receiver configured to (1) receive a reflected laser beam and a reflected light beam, and (2) interfere the reflected laser beam with the reflected light beam to generate an interferogram. The system includes a controller configured to perform operations including determining one or more wellbore characteristics based on the interferogram.

Abstract: A system includes a pipe for transporting one or more fluids, the pipe including a scale deposit formed on an inner circumferential surface thereof and defining a reduced diameter flow area within the pipe, and a hybrid descaling tool sized to be received within the pipe. The hybrid descaling tool includes a laser head comprising a hollow cylindrical body with an internal, ring-shaped laser path, the laser head operable to emit a ring-shaped laser beam through the ring-shaped laser path, and an acid nozzle protruding forward from the hollow cylindrical body of the laser head and into the reduced diameter flow area, the acid nozzle including one or more acid outlets within the reduced diameter flow area.

Abstract: A wellbore system includes coiled tubing extending into a wellbore from a surface location and a downhole tool coupled to a downhole end of the coiled tubing. A cable extends through the coiled tubing and is operably coupled to the downhole tool within the wellbore. An insert is disposed within the coiled tubing and engages the cable. The insert includes a plurality of elongated rods radially spaced around the cable and defining a longitudinal axis of the insert, and a plurality of retractable bars extending radially inwardly from the elongated rods. The retractable bars are biased radially inward to an extended position wherein the retractable bars flex the cable into an undulating configuration with respect to the longitudinal axis, and the retractable bars are responsive to an increased tension in the cable to move radially outward to a retracted configuration.

Abstract: A system includes a laser generating source, a downhole assembly, and a plurality of optical pathways extending between the laser generating source and the downhole assembly. The downhole assembly includes a tool housing, a plurality of reflectors, a plurality of reshaping lenses, and a main beam optical assembly. The reflectors are each movable between an activated position and a deactivated position, and are arranged to reflect energy beams radially outward away from the tool housing when in the activated position. The reshaping lenses are arranged to receive and redirect the energy beams when the reflectors are in the deactivated position. The main beam optical assembly is operable to combine the energy beams received from the reshaping lenses into a combined energy beam that is axially directed when the reflectors are in the deactivated position.

Abstract: A laser descaling tool includes a laser head formed of a magnetic or ferromagnetic material, a flexible laser arm defining first and second ends, the flexible laser arm coupled to the laser head at the first end and responsive to modification of a magnetic field to reorient the laser head, a support arm coupled to the flexible laser arm at the second end, a fiber optic cable extending through the flexible laser arm and the support arm to a control location, a laser source disposed at the control location and optically coupled to the laser head through the fiber optic cable, and a vacuum mounted at the second end of the laser arm and operable to collect debris from a scale deposit within an interior of a pipe.

Abstract: A system for performing subsurface laser perforation includes a tubing deployed within a wellbore including a target layer for perforation, the tubing in communication with a surface location, and a slim laser subsurface tool operatively coupled to the tubing, the laser subsurface tool including a body coupled to the tubing, a telescoping laser head disposed within the body and including a plurality of nested segments, a smallest of the plurality of nested segments defining an orifice at an output end of the telescoping laser head, and a lens supported by the smallest of the plurality of nested segments and covering the orifice at the output end.

Abstract: A laser tool system, which includes an optical fiber having an input end and an output end and a laser tool body, is described. The output end of the optical fiber may be optically connected to a laser source. The laser tool body may include a laser head optically connected to the laser output end, an activating chamber connected to the laser head, a heat transfer agent, an exit port, a nozzle connected to the exit port, and a fluid conduit. The fluid conduit may deliver a fluid into contact with the heat transfer agent. Methods for heating an aqueous fluid and heating a fluid in a reservoir are also described. The methods may include irradiating a heat transfer agent to provide an irradiated heat transfer agent, providing a fluid, and contacting the irradiated heat transfer agent with the fluid, thereby heating the fluid and forming a heated fluid mixture.

Abstract: A system includes a laser generating source, a downhole assembly, and a plurality of optical pathways extending between the laser generating source and the downhole assembly. The downhole assembly includes a tool housing, a plurality of reflectors, a plurality of reshaping lenses, and a main beam optical assembly. The reflectors are each movable between an activated position and a deactivated position, and are arranged to reflect energy beams radially outward away from the tool housing when in the activated position. The reshaping lenses are arranged to receive and redirect the energy beams when the reflectors are in the deactivated position. The main beam optical assembly is operable to combine the energy beams received from the reshaping lenses into a combined energy beam that is axially directed when the reflectors are in the deactivated position.

Abstract: A system for producing hydrocarbons from a subsurface formation includes a main wellbore, a first lateral extending off the main wellbore, the first lateral configured to produce hydrocarbons from the subsurface formation to a ground surface through the main wellbore, a second lateral extending off the main wellbore, tubing extending down the main wellbore into the second lateral, and a tool attached to the tubing.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system for monitoring wellbore deformation is disclosed. The apparatus includes an expandable annular cylindrical packer and a plurality of assemblies mounted on an exterior circumferential surface of the packer. The plurality of assemblies are configured to be pressed against a wellbore surface by the packer. Each of the assemblies includes at least one fiber-optic coil embedded in a sheet of deformable substrate, a tray-shaped receptacle formed from a low thermal conductivity material and attached along the rim to an edge of the sheet with a pressure tight-seal, and an optical coupler configured to couple the fiber-optic coil to a fiber-optic cable. The assemblies further include a pressure-tight compartment containing a high-pressure inert gas that is formed by the receptacle, the sheet, and the seal.

Abstract: Some implementations of the present disclosure provide a method that includes: irradiating a target surface with a process beam during a drilling process; in response to irradiating with the process beam, receiving a signal beam that contains light scattered from the target surface as well as light radiating from the target surface; splitting the signal beam into a first portion on a polarization arm and a second portion on a non-polarization arm; performing, on the polarization arm, a first plurality of polarization-dependent intensity and spectrum measurements of the first portion; performing, on the non-polarization arm, a second plurality of intensity and spectrum measurements of the second portion; and based on applying one or more machine learning techniques to at least portions of (i) the first plurality of polarization-dependent intensity and spectrum measurements, and (ii) the second plurality of intensity and spectrum measurements, determining a classification of the target surface.

Abstract: A downhole fishing tool for retrieving an object from a wellbore includes a main body assembly, one or more nozzles configured to dispose a cladding powder on the object when the object is proximate to the tool, and one or more lenses configured to direct a laser beam at the cladding powder disposed on the object, thereby welding the fishing tool to the object such that pulling the tool in an uphole direction pulls the object along with the fishing tool.