Abstract: A system and a method are described for detecting and removing ice from a surface. The system comprises an electrical current source for providing a pulse-electro thermal de-icing electrical current, a heating track provided at the surface and connected to the electrical current source, a first control track provided at the surface spaced from the heating track, a first capacitor for measuring a first capacitance between the first control track and the heating track, a memory for storing a de-icing condition, and a processor that determines, partly from the first capacitance, whether the de-icing condition is satisfied. When the de-icing condition is satisfied, the processor controls the electrical current source to provide the pulse-electro thermal de-icing electrical current to the heating track. When the de-icing condition is not satisfied, the processor controls the electrical current source to not provide the pulse-electro thermal de-icing electrical current to the heating track.

Abstract: A safety method and system consisting of resistance checking for use with high power deicing and defogging systems, including high power deicing and defogging systems for windshields and including quasi-continuous checking with pulse-electro thermal deicing and defogging systems, is disclosed. The resistance checking system may be combined with a proximity detector safety system which operates in conjunction with the resistance based safety system.

Abstract: A safety method and system consisting of resistance checking for use with high power deicing and defogging systems, including high power deicing and defogging systems for windshields and including quasi-continuous checking with pulse-electro thermal deicing and defogging systems, is disclosed. The resistance checking system may be combined with a proximity detector safety system which operates in conjunction with the resistance based safety system.

Abstract: A method and system for defrosting a refrigerant coil using at least one of resistive and electromagnetic heating.

Abstract: Described herein is an evaporator and evaporator system. The system comprises a refrigerant tube formed from an electrically conductive material, the refrigerant tube being shaped to comprise a plurality of parallel tube portions; an upstream refrigerant conduit for supplying a refrigerant to the refrigerant tube; a downstream refrigerant conduit for receiving the refrigerant from the refrigerant tube; and a plurality of separators for securing the plurality of parallel tube portions in a plurality of relative positions to provide a plurality of airflow gaps separating adjacent parallel tube portions, and to impede electrical contact between different tube portions in the plurality of parallel tube portions.

Abstract: A method and system for defrosting a refrigerant coil using at least one of resistive and electromagnetic heating.