Abstract: A technique, including transmitting data and/or control information; and transmitting common phase error and/or inter carrier interference correction reference signal, wherein said common phase error and/or inter carrier interference correction reference signal occupies a variable amount of radio resources.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for communication are provided. The method includes storing a machine type communication channel access profile of user equipment configured to utilize machine type communication with a network when the equipment has not an active connection with the network. The access profile is based on active UE contexts including serving-cell contexts of the device on the last access occasion. The access profile is synchronized between the user equipment and the network.

Abstract: A method for monitoring breathing air of a person breathing via a face mask (8). In the method pressure of inhaled air and partial pressure of oxygen before oxygen enters in the face mask (8) are measured. A partial pressure of oxygen in lungs of the person is estimated on the basis of the measured pressure of inhaled air and the measured partial pressure of oxygen. Also at least one physical characteristics of lungs is taken into account. The estimated partial pressure of oxygen in lungs is compared with a threshold. An indication of impending hypoxia is provided to the person, if the comparison indicates that the estimated partial pressure of oxygen in lungs is at a level lower than the threshold. The present disclosure also relates to an apparatus (6) for implementing the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatuses, a method, computer programs and computer-readable media for controlling mode change from a normal cellular communication mode to a machine-to-machine or device-to-device communication mode and to ensure sequence number synchronization between a sender and receiver ends when said mode change is performed. The mode change control is performed by controlling the duration of the transition period for switching from the cellular communication mode to the machine-to-machine or device-to-device mode and by using a temporary server for transmission of a desired data flow or by sending at least one dummy packet.

Abstract: A method of controlling device-to-device communications between user equipment, including using a network control element, which is common to a plurality of networks, including controlling any of the following functions: network access control functions, connection set-up, resource allocation, mode switching, handover, security and/or charging. Also a method of controlling handovers or connections in a device-to-device communications between a first and a second user equipment wherein the control is performed, at least in part, said first or second user equipments. Alternatively the user equipment may send reports a handover/connection is initiated/controlled based on said report.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, computer programs, and computer-readable media are disclosed. A network node defines two or more user device groups, one of the user device groups using a licensed frequency band and another using an unlicensed frequency band. Timing advance parameters of user devices are determined. The user devices are assigned into one of the user device groups based on comparison of the timing advance parameters in such a manner that if a magnitude of differences of timing advance parameters of the user devices having mutual machine-to-machine communications exceeds the a timing advance parameter of at least one user device communicating with the network node, the user devices having the mutual machine-to-machine communications are directed into the user device group using the unlicensed frequency band for decreasing interference.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program for controlling device-to-device connections and associated quality-of-service parameters are presented. The quality-of-service parameters of an end-to-end connection through a plurality of different radio access networks are aligned in connection with changing a communication mode to a direct device-to-device connection.

Abstract: The present invention proposes methods and devices for mobile communication deployed on shared bands, which enhance reliability of channels such as control channels. According to an aspect thereof, at a communication terminal, a list of channels useable for communication is maintained, information on the usability of a currently used channel is obtained, and it is switched to one of the channels of the list of useable channels if the currently used channel becomes unusable. The invention encompasses also corresponding computer products as well as methods, devices and computer products residing at a network node.

Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least evaluate, in a cognitive node, transmission of a physical random access channel in an uplink of a communications carrier, and, based on the evaluating, utilize an interference-free guard time period of a cellular user terminal's transmission in the physical random access channel, for distributing a synchronization signal and a beacon signal locally, the cellular user terminal's transmission in the physical random access channel including a guard time period that compensates a maximum round trip delay in a cell.

Abstract: The present invention proposes methods and devices for mobile communication deployed on shared bands, which enhance reliability of channels such as control channels. According to an aspect thereof, at a communication terminal, a list of channels useable for communication is maintained, information on the usability of a currently used channel is obtained, and it is switched to one of the channels of the list of useable channels if the currently used channel becomes unusable. The invention encompasses also corresponding computer products as well as methods, devices and computer products residing at a network node.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems can permit network allocation of uplink resources. In one example, a method includes determining uplink resources to be granted to a cluster. The method can also include preparing, at an apparatus, an uplink resource grant, based on the determining, including a transmitter identifier. The method can further include transmitting the uplink resources grant to a plurality of cluster nodes of the cluster. The transmitter identifier identifies at least one node of the plurality of cluster nodes.

Abstract: A method including: configuring a user device group for monitoring resource usage in a specified area and allocate user-device group-specific random access channel resources for informing on the resource usage; conveying a monitoring request to at least one user device based on the user device group configuration; obtaining monitoring results from at least one of the user devices in the user device group by using the group-specifically allocated random access channel resources, and processing the monitoring results for determining resource usage status the specified area.

Abstract: In order to facilitate cellular device-to-device communication, a cross-layer optimization functionality, utilizing for example monitoring capabilities of a MAC layer entity, and adjustment capabilities of an application control entity, is introduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatuses, a method, computer programs and computer-readable media for controlling mode change from a normal cellular communication mode to a machine-to-machine or device-to-device communication mode and to ensure sequence number synchronization between a sender and receiver ends when said mode change is performed. The mode change control is performed by controlling the duration of the transition period for switching from the cellular communication mode to the machine-to-machine or device-to-device mode and by using a temporary server for transmission of a desired data flow or by sending at least one dummy packet.

Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least evaluate, in a cognitive node, transmission of a physical random access channel in an uplink of a communications carrier, and, based on the evaluating, utilize an interference-free guard time period of a cellular user terminal's transmission in the physical random access channel, for distributing a synchronization signal and a beacon signal locally, the cellular user terminal's transmission in the physical random access channel including a guard time period that compensates a maximum round trip delay in a cell.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for communication are provided. The method includes storing a machine type communication channel access profile of user equipment configured to utilise machine type communication with a network when the equipment has not an active connection with the network. The access profile is based on active UE contexts including serving-cell contexts of the device on the last access occasion. The access profile is synchronised between the user equipment and the network.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program for controlling device-to-device connections and associated quality-of-service parameters are presented. The quality-of-service parameters of an end-to-end connection through a plurality of different radio access networks are aligned in connection with changing a communication mode to a direct device-to-device connection.

Abstract: A method of controlling device-to-device communications between user equipment, including using a network control element, which is common to a plurality of networks, including controlling any of the following functions: network access control functions, connection set-up, resource allocation, mode switching, handover, security and/or charging. Also a method of controlling handovers or connections in a device-to-device communications between a first and a second user equipment wherein the control is performed, at least in part, said first or second user equipments. Alternatively the user equipment may send reports a handover/connection is initiated/controlled based on said report.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing network assisted local communication offloading to unlicensed bands may include at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured, with the processor, to cause the apparatus to perform at least receiving information indicative of channel conditions associated with primary communication involving at least one primary mobile communication device and a network communication node, and determining, at a secondary mobile communication device, primary communication resources to be utilized for secondary communication by the secondary mobile communication device based on the information indicative of the channel conditions. A corresponding method is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention proposes methods, devices and computer program products in relation to a communication module configured for communication in a carrier aggregation mode aggregating a primary and at least one secondary carrier. Scheduling information is carried in a control channel of one of the carriers, the scheduling information being associated to a respective one of said aggregated carriers and designating search spaces for payload in a payload channel of said respective aggregated carrier. Sensing is performed responsive to a sensing command added to the scheduling information associated to said at least one secondary carrier, which sensing command commands sensing to be performed on said at least one secondary carrier.