Abstract: A method of depolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate that includes heating to 140 to 210° C. a reaction mixture including polyethylene terephthalate, a salt, urea, and a glycol. The salt includes an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation and a carboxylate having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The reaction results in depolymerization to form a glycol ester of terephthalic acid including the glycol.

Abstract: A method of acrylate salt production includes reacting ethylene gas in the presence of a metal precursor solution including a base, an additive, a metal precursor, a solvent and a ligand, in an autoclave, to form a metal complex intermediate solution. Further, CO2 reacts with the metal complex intermediate solution to form an ester intermediate solution, which is reacted to form an acrylate salt product mixture. The acrylate salt is extracted thereafter. The CO2 is reacted at a temperature in a range from 100° C. to 200° C., where the metal precursor is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and the concentration of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) in the metal precursor solution is in a range from 0.0005M to 0.003M. The additive is sodium formate and the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, and combinations thereof. The turnover number is greater than or equal to 100.

Abstract: A catalyst system is disclosed. The catalyst system may include a pre-catalyst and a co-catalyst. The pre-catalyst includes one or more chromium compounds coordinated with a ligand. The co-catalyst includes one or more organoaluminum compounds, wherein: the ligand has a structure according to formula (I): In formula (I), R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently chosen from (C6-C60) aryl, optionally substituted with one or more RS, wherein RS is a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl or a (C1-C50) heterohydrocarbyl. In formula (I), R5 is a (C9-C60) aryl or a (C4-C60) heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more RS, wherein RS is a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl or a (C1-C50) heterohydrocarbyl, provided that R5 is not naphthyl or triptycenyl.

Abstract: A catalyst system is disclosed. The catalyst system may include a pre-catalyst and a co-catalyst. The pre-catalyst includes one or more chromium compounds coordinated with a ligand. The co-catalyst includes one or more organoaluminum compounds, wherein: the ligand has a structure according to formula (I): In formula (I), R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently chosen from (C6-C60) aryl, optionally substituted with one or more RS, wherein RS is a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl or a (C1-C50) heterohydrocarbyl. In formula (I), R5 is a (C9-C60) aryl or a (C4-C60) heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more RS, wherein RS is a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl or a (C1-C50) heterohydrocarbyl, provided that R5 is not naphthyl or triptycenyl.

Abstract: Catalyst systems for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst which may include a chromium compound coordinated with a ligand and a co-catalyst which may include an organoaluminum compound. The ligand may have a chemical structure according to Chemical Structure (I), wherein R5 is a (C1-C15) alkyl group, a (C3-C15) cyclohydrocarbyl group, a (C3-C15) cycloheterohydrocarbyl group, or a (C1-C15) aryl group, and RA, RB, RC, RD, RE, RF, RG, RH, R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom, a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl group, or a (C1-C50) heterohydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: Catalyst systems for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst which may include a chromium compound coordinated with a ligand and a co-catalyst which may include an organoaluminum compound. The ligand may have a chemical structure according to Chemical Structure (I), wherein R5, R6, and R7 are each independently chosen from a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl group or a (C1-C50) heterohydrocarbyl group, and wherein the (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl or (C1-C50) heterohydrocarbyl groups of R5, R6, and R7 have greater than 10 carbon atoms combined and RA, RB, RC, and RD and R1, R2, R3, and R4, are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom or a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a chromium compound coordinated with a ligand and a co-catalyst including an organoaluminum compound. The ligand may have a chemical structure: (R1)(R2)A-X—C(R3)(R4). A and C may be phosphorus. X may be B(R5), Si(R5)2, N(R5), wherein R5 is an aryl group substituted with a halogen, halogenated alkyl or a silyl group, and wherein B, or N, or Si is bound to A and C. R1, R2, R3, and R4 may be independently chosen hydrocarbyl groups or heterohydrocarbyl groups.

Abstract: Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst comprising a chromium compound coordinated with a ligand and a co-catalyst comprising an organoaluminum compound. The ligand may include have a chemical structure according to formula (I), wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 have the structure according to formula (II) wherein RA, RB, RC, and RD and the remainder of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are independently chosen from a hydrogen or a (C1-C50) hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a chromium compound coordinated with a ligand and a co-catalyst including an organoaluminum compound. The ligand may have a chemical structure: (R1)(R2)A-X—C(R3)(R4). A and C may be phosphorus. X may be B(R5), Si(R5)2, N(R5), wherein R5 is an aryl group substituted with a halogen, halogenated alkyl or a silyl group, and wherein B, or N, or Si is bound to A and C. R1, R2, R3, and R4 may be independently chosen hydrocarbyl groups or heterohydrocarbyl groups.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a catalyst and/or a precatalyst, in particular a single site catalyst and/or a single site precatalyst, for the oxidation and/or ammoxidation of olefins to produce aldehydes and/or nitriles, methods of preparing a corresponding catalyst and/or precatalyst, in particular single site catalyst and/or single site precatalyst, and methods of using said catalyst and/or precatalyst, in particular said single site catalyst and/or single site precatalyst, to produce aldehydes and/or nitriles.