Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method, implemented by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) registered to a first network, includes receiving, from the first network, information indicating a value to be used during a registration to a second network; and determining, based on at least the indicated value, at least a first start time and a second start time from which to perform the registration to the second network. The method further includes initiating the registration to the second network after the first start time; and on condition that the registration is not completed within a defined period after the first start time: (1) halting the registration to the second network, and (2) initiating a second registration or re-registration of the WTRU to the second network after the second start time.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive a sidelink (SL) positioning request from another WTRU. The first SL positioning request may include security information. The security information may be for validating the SL positioning request. The WTRU may be configured to send an SL positioning response to the other WTRU. The SL positioning response may be sent based on validation of the SL positioning request using at least the security information. The security information may be received in a security container. The WTRU may be configured to perform an SL positioning with the other WTRU.

Abstract: This disclosure is related to initiating a network initiated registration procedure. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to transmit, to a wireless network, a first information indicating a capability to sponsor one or more other WTRUs that are not registered with a mobile operator network (MNO). The WTRU may receive security credentials associated with one or more virtual context identifiers. The WTRU may transmit a second information. The wireless network may be configured to initiate a registration procedure, based on the second information. The WTRU may receive, from the wireless network, third information. The WTRU may communicate with the one or more other WTRUs using the wireless network, based on the third information and on a policy of the MNO.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are provided for network-initiated wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) registration. WTRU methods and systems include scanning for and receiving a first system information block (SIB) including network-initiated registration (NIR) information from a wireless network, where the WTRU is not registered with the wireless network and the scanning is based on a scanning configuration. The methods and systems further include transmitting a request for a second SIB to the wireless network based on the NIR information of the first SIB indicating that additional NIR information is available and receiving the second SIB, which includes the additional NIR information. The methods and system additionally include transmitting a registration request to the wireless network based on the NIR information and on the additional NIR information, where the wireless network registers the WTRU based on the registration request.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise: detecting a DLT; transmitting, to a network node, a DLT reporting request message including a DDC associated with the detected DLT; receiving, from the network node, a DLT reporting response message, including a DLT status of the detected DLT; and receiving, from the network node, a DLT policy update notification message, including the DLT status and an updated DLT reporting policy associated with the detected DLT. The WTRU may be a sensing WTRU. The network node may be configured with a DLTF. The DLT status may be a desirable state, an undesirable state, or an unknown state.

Abstract: A method implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is disclosed. The method may comprise determining to enter a powered down state and determining a temporary identifier. The method may also comprise sending the temporary identifier to an ambient internet of things (AIoT) device and sending a request to a network to subscribe to a power on or wake-up procedure. The request may include at least the temporary identifier. Further, the method may comprise sending a notification to the AIoT device indicating the WTRU is entering the powered down state and entering the powered down state. Additionally, the method may comprise receiving a wake-up message from the AIoT device and exiting the powered down state in response to receiving the wake-up message from the AIoT device.

Abstract: In examples, the E2E link IDs may be isolated per-hop, so that changes of link IDs may not impact other E2E/per-hop links (e.g., a LIU procedure may only run between a WTRU and the relay). A relay may allocate R-specific security IDs/session key identifiers (e.g., MSBs/LSBs of Knrp-sess ID). The relay (e.g., relay WTRU) may replace the security IDs/session key identifiers received from peer WTRUs with R-specific security IDs/session key identifiers, for example, if forwarding a message. In examples, per-hop IDs and E2E IDs may be added to link identifier update messages. In examples, the support application layer ID and IP address/prefix may be changed using a link modification procedure (e.g., between E2E peer WTRUs), which may be executed during the LIU procedure run between a WTRU and a WTRU-to-WTRU relay.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to: receive trust management function (TMF) configuration information comprising at least one identifier of at least one external TMF (eTMF); send a first request message to a first network node comprising a first service identification; receive a second request message from a second network node comprising an identifier of the second network node and a second service identification; determine that the identifier of the second network node matches an identifier from the at least one identifier of the at least one eTMF; determine that the second service identification matches the first service identification; send a first response message to the second network node indicating permission for the second network node to expose WTRU trust information to a third network node; receive a second response message from the first network node that indicates whether the requested service in the first request message is granted.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for trust exposure in a wireless communication system. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may indicate a WTRU trust capability to a trust management function (TMF). The WTRU may create one or more WTRU trust information exposure policies and/or transmit the one or more WTRU trust information exposure policies to the TMF. The WTRU may transmit an application request to an application server (AS). The WTRU may receive a trust information exposure request from the TMF. The WTRU may approve the trust information exposure request. The WTRU may transmit a trust information exposure response to the TMF. The WTRU may receive a trust information exposure notification from the TMF. The WTRU may receive an application response from the AS.

Abstract: A function entity (FE) receives an FE trust registration request notification from a network node, including contact information of the network node. The FE sends an FE trust registration request to the network node, including contact information of external trust management functions (eTMFs), and an identifier of the FE. The FE receives an FE trust registration response from the network node, including one or more of: an identifier of an FE profile for the FE, an identifier of the eTMFs, an identifier of eTMF profiles, an association of the FE profile and the eTMF profiles, or an identifier of the network node. The FE sends an FE trust registration completion notification to a selected eTMF of the eTMFs, based on the FE trust registration response. The FE trust registration completion notification includes the identifier of the network node, an identifier of the selected eTMF, and the identifier of the FE.

Abstract: A method performed by a first WTRU may comprise: receiving, from a network, one or more RSCs, wherein each of the one or more RSCs include a network assistance security indicator; receiving, from a second WTRU, a first DCR message, the first DCR message including a first RSC, wherein the first RSC includes a network assistance security indicator; transmitting, to the second WTRU, a direct communication reject message, the direct communication reject message including a cause code, wherein the cause code includes an indication that the first WTRU will initiate a second DCR message; and transmitting, to the second WTRU, the second DCR message, the second DCR message including security parameters. The first WTRU may be a target WTRU and the second WTRU may be a relay WTRU.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU includes receiving a first list, the first list comprising a network slice-set of preferred PLMNs or SNPNs, the first list associated with one or more SNSSAI and PLMN/SNPN prioritization information, receiving an allowed NSSAI list that does not include a first S-NSSAI in the first list, detecting an event associated with the first S-NSSAI, the event comprising one of (i) a detection that uplink application traffic is associated with the first S-NSSAI that is not part of the allowed NSSAI list, or (ii) sending a PDU Session Request that includes the first S-NSSAI and receiving a PDU Session Rejection message or receiving an indication that the first S-NSSAI is a rejected S-NSSAI, selecting a PLMN/SNPN among multiple PLMN/SNPNs on the first list, and registering with the selected PLMN/SNPN and sending a requested NSSAI list that includes at least the first S-NSSAI.

Abstract: A method may be implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), including sending a first message to the network indicating that the WTRU can determine a value of a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layer parameter. Configuration information may be received from a network, indicating whether the WTRU is permitted to determine the value of the NAS layer parameter and whether the WTRU is to report the value to the network prior to utilizing the value. The value may be determined based on the at least one condition associated with the WTRU. The value of the NAS layer parameter may be a timer value. The value of the NAS layer parameter may be applied to a NAS procedure performed by the WTRU. A second message may be sent to the network, comprising an indication of the value of the NAS layer parameter or an indication that the WTRU has applied the value.

Abstract: In some implementations, a WTRU may include transmitting, to a network element, a request to join a collaboration infrastructure associated with one or more activities. In addition, the WTRU may include receiving, from the network element, a request response including information indicating a proposal of a smart contract that may include responsibilities and policies associated with joining the collaboration infrastructure, and information indicating conducted tasks to be assigned by the network element. The WTRU may include transmitting, to the network element, feedback on the smart contract. Moreover, the WTRU may include receiving, from the network element, a WTRU collaboration guide indicating one or more tasks assigned to the WTRU. Also, the WTRU may include evaluating the one or more tasks assigned to the WTRU. Further, the WTRU may include transmitting, to the network element, an acknowledgement of the one or more tasks assigned to the WTRU.

Abstract: An embodiment of a wireless-transmit-receive unit (WTRU) is configured to send, to a network, a first request to access a first group of one or more network slices while the WTRU is within a tracking area (TA), to receive, from the network in response to the first request, an indication that at least one of the network slices is available in the TA and a denial of access to the at least one of the available network slices, to determine that a restriction-clearing event has occurred, and to send, to the network in response to determining that a restriction-clearing event has occurred, a second request to access a second group of one or more network slices including the at least one of the available network slices to which the network denied access.

Abstract: A WTRU may determine to align a DRX cycle of the WTRU with respective DRX cycles of one or more remote WTRUs connected to the WTRU. The WTRU may determine a specific identifier to request based on respective POs of the one or more remote WTRUs and/or a PO of the WTRU. The WTRU may send a first message to the network. The first message may include a specific identifier and/or a DRX indication that indicates a request to align the DRX cycle of the WTRU with the respective DRX cycles of the two or more remote WTRUs. The WTRU may receive a second message from the network indicating to use the specific identifier and/or an available DRX cycle. The WTRU may send a third message to the one or more remote WTRUs that indicates the specific identifier, the DRX indication, and/or the available DRX cycle.

Abstract: Procedures and embodiments for WTRU member selection based on per-app user consent may be described herein. A network exposure function (NEF) may receive filtering criteria and/or a list of target WTRUs from an application function (AF). The filtering criteria may be based on user consent. The NEF may receive WTRU subscription data from the unified data management (UDM) comprising user consent value(s) associated with an application or multiple applications. The NEF may perform filtering for member selection assistance based on the user consent information and/or other filtering criteria. The NEF may send the filtered list of WTRUs to the AF.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may function as a relay between other WTRUs. The relay WTRU may receive a domain name system (DNS) query request from a first WTRU for the internet protocol (IP) address of a second WTRU. The DNS query request may comprise the first WTRU's authentication container. The relay WTRU may: send a first authentication request comprising the first WTRU's authentication container to the second WTRU, receive a first authentication response from the second WTRU indicating successful authentication of the first WTRU and comprising the second WTRU's authentication container, send a second authentication request to the first WTRU comprising the second WTRU's authentication container, receive a second authentication response from the first WTRU indicating successful authentication of the second WTRU, and based on successful authentication of the first and second WTRUs, send a DNS response comprising the IP address of the second WTRU to the first WTRU.

Abstract: The WTRU may determine that it has a need to request a NAS network service and may generate an application layer NAS message that comprises the request. The WTRU may determine, based on configuration information, one or more network nodes configured to provide NAS network services. The WTRU may determine, based on analytics data and policy data, a first network node in the one or more network nodes to which the application layer NAS message may be sent. The WTRU may determine, based on the policy data, one or more parameters for sending the application layer NAS message to the first network node. The WTRU may determine an endpoint address associated with the first network node. The WTRU may send the application layer NAS message to the first network node using the endpoint address and the one or more parameters.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method, implemented in a first wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, to perform integrated discovery when there is an existing sidelink connection between the first WTRU or a second WTRU and at least one WTRU-to-WTRU relay, comprising transmitting, to the second WTRU, via the at least one WTRU-to-WTRU relay, a direct communication request message comprising proximity-based service parameters; receiving, from the second WTRU, via one of the at least one WTRU-to-WTRU relay, a link modification request message comprising information related to the proximity-based service parameters; transmitting, to the one of the at least one WTRU-to-WTRU relay, a link modification response; and receiving, from the one of the at least one WTRU-to-WTRU relay, a direct communication accept message.