Abstract: Provided are methods for improving the lead time prior to diagnosis of lung cancer for a patient.

Abstract: Provided are methods for identifying individuals at high risk of lung cancer death.

Abstract: Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage lung cancer, and determination of risk of harboring lung cancer.

Abstract: Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage lung cancer, and determination of risk of harboring lung cancer.

Abstract: Provided are methods of treating a cancer that co-expresses one or more placental alkaline phosphatase (ALPP) proteins and a cancer target antigen in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a treatment regimen wherein the treatment regimen comprises administration of one or more standard-of-care inhibitor or anti-proliferative agents that increase cell surface expression of the one or more ALPP proteins and one or more ALPP protein-targeting agents. Also provided are methods of selecting a patient having a cancer that co-expresses one or more placental alkaline phosphatase (ALPP) proteins and a cancer target antigen, comprising: assaying for baseline cell surface expression levels of the one or more ALPP proteins in a biological sample obtained from the patient; and assaying for co-expression of one or more cancer cell surface oncogenic drivers.

Abstract: Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Also provided are methods for treating a patient susceptible, or suspected of being susceptible, to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Abstract: A novel 11-lipid biomarker panel, consisting of or comprising at least one ceramide, at least one sphingomyelin, at least one glycosphingolipid, and at least one free fatty acid, capable of assessing the risk of breast cancer is described.

Abstract: Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage lung cancer, and determination of risk of harboring lung cancer.

Abstract: A 3-marker metabolite panel (3MetP) comprising or consisting of diacetylspermine, arginine, and creatine riboside, optionally in combination with other panels and/or models, wherein the elevated levels and/or model score classify the patient as having lung cancer, for improved risk stratification for, diagnosis of, and treatment of lung cancer.

Abstract: A novel 3-marker microbial-related metabolite panel (3MMP), consisting of or comprising TMAO, indoleacrylic acid, and an indole derivative, and a novel 5-marker non-microbial metabolite panel, consisting of or comprising cholesterol glucuronide, 2-hydroxyglutarate, galactosamine, glucose, and erythritol, capable of assessing a 5-year risk of pancreatic cancer is described.

Abstract: Provided are methods and related kits for detection and treatment of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Also provided are methods for treating a patient susceptible, or suspected of being susceptible, to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Abstract: A novel 7-marker metabolite panel (7MetP) comprising or consisting of diacetylspermine, diacetylspermidine, N-(3-acetamidopropyl)pyrrolidin-2-one, N-acetylneuraminate, N-acetyl-mannosamine, N-acetyl-lactosamine, and hydroxyisobutyric acid is described.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and materials for detecting and/or treating subject (e.g., a human) having cancer. In some embodiments, methods and materials for identifying a subject as having cancer (e.g., a localized cancer) are provided in which the presence of member(s) of two or more classes of biomarkers are detected. In some embodiments, methods and materials for identifying a subject as having cancer (e.g., a localized cancer) are provided in which the presence of member(s) of at least one class of biomarkers and the presence of aneuploidy are detected. In some embodiments, methods described herein provide increased sensitivity and/or specificity in the detection of cancer in a subject (e.g. a human).

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and materials for detecting and/or treating subject (e.g. a human) having cancer. In some embodiments, methods and materials for identifying a subject as having cancer (e.g., a localized cancer) are provided in which the presence of member(s) of two or more classes of biomarkers are detected. In some embodiments, methods and materials for identifying a subject as having cancer (e.g. a localized cancer) are provided in which the presence of member(s) of at least one class of biomarkers and the presence of aneuploidy are detected. In some embodiments, methods described herein provide increased sensitivity and/or specificity in the detection of cancer in a subject (e.g. a human).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for determining and improving the likelihood of response and/or determining and decreasing the likelihood of toxicity to a cellular therapy using metabolomics. Embodiments of the disclosure include methods for measuring certain metabolites in biological samples of an individual for determining whether the individual has a responder or non-responder phenotype to the cellular therapy or to a toxicity of the cellular therapy. Embodiments also include compositions for increasing the response to a cellular therapy or decreasing toxicities associated with a cellular therapy. Embodiments also show that plasma metabolomics correlate with efficacy and toxicities associated with CAR-T therapy towards a cancer. The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for predicting a subject's response to a CAR T-cell therapy, by analyzing the plasma metabolomics of the subject.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of detecting cancer, diagnosing a subject with cancer, treating a subject with cancer, and reducing the risk of or preventing cancer in a subject. The methods are based in part on the discovery of dysregulated protein citrullination by protein arginine deaminase enzymes in cancer. Also provided are citrullinated peptides and kits that are expressed at a higher level in cancer cells than in corresponding normal cells. Kits and systems relating to these methods are also provided.

Abstract: Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage lung cancer, and determination of risk of harboring lung cancer.

Abstract: The current disclosure describes effective therapeutic treatments and diagnostic/prognostic methods for colorectal cancer based on the expression or activity level of biomarkers. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for treating a subject for colorectal cancer, the method comprising treating the subject for colorectal cancer after the expression level of one or more biomarker genes from Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table S2, Table S3, Table S4, Table S5, FIG. 4A, and/or FIG. 4B has been determined in a sample from the subject.

Abstract: Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage ovarian cancer, and determination of being at risk for ovarian cancer.

Abstract: Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage prostate cancer, and determination of risk of being at risk for progression of prostate cancer.