Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources across different networks. The DSC component may be configured to receive notice that an eNodeB is congested, identify a geographic boundary area for a bid serviced by the congested eNodeB, generate a list of eligible active wireless devices that are inside the geographic boundary area, determine an available resource of target a eNodeB that services the identified geographic boundary area, select for handin to the target eNodeB wireless devices from the received list of eligible active devices, and send a handin initiate communication message to the target eNodeB servicing the wireless devices that are selected for handin.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a solid formulation for oral administration as a solid comprising polyethylene glycol and a further solid such as mannitol. The formulation may be used to prevent gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation in healthy subjects. In some embodiments, the solid formulation is chewable or suckable.

Abstract: A server computing device may be configured to register a parcel with a component (e.g., another server, etc.) in a dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system, generate a telecom resource right unit or information structure, and use the generated telecom resource right unit or information structure (e.g., in conjunction with components in the DSA system) to allocate the identified telecommunication resource for access and use by wireless devices that subscribe to a telecommunication network registered with the DSA system.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC component may include wired or wireless connections to eNodeBs, a mobility management entity (MME), and various other network components. These components may be configured to communicate and perform various mobility management operations to better manage and coordinate the handling (e.g., handoffs, hand-ins, backoff, etc.) of wireless devices as they are moved with respect to the allocated resources.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources across different networks. The DSC component may be configured to intelligently select the wireless devices for handin, such as by identifying an eNodeB that has a coverage area that is inside a geographic boundary of a bid area, receiving a list of eligible active wireless devices from the identified eNodeB, receiving a measurement report and position information for the wireless devices in the received list of eligible active wireless devices, determining the signal strengths of a target eNodeB based on the received measurement reports, and selecting for handin wireless devices from the received list of eligible active devices based on the determined signal strengths of the target eNodeB and locations of the wireless devices with respect to the geographical boundary.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. A dynamic spectrum arbitrage application part (DSAAP) protocol/component/module may allow, facilitate, support, or augment communications between the DSC and DPC so as to improve the efficiency and speed of the DSA system. The DSAAP may allow the DPC and/or DSC components to better pool resources across the different networks, better monitor traffic and resource usage in the various networks, to more efficiently communicate bids and bidding information, to quickly and efficiently register and deregister components, and better perform backoff operations.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC and/or DPC components may be configured to monitor a congestion state of an eNodeB, and intelligently allocate resources, manage user traffic of the eNodeBs, select target eNodeBs for handovers, determine the quality of service (QoS) levels that are to be given to wireless devices attached to the eNodeBs, and/or perform other similar operations to intelligently manage the allocation and use of resources by the various networks. The DPC and/or DSC components may be also configured to perform these and other operations based on the transitions, changes, transition rates, or rates of change in the congestion levels of the network components.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes components configured with processor-executable instructions to implement methods for dynamically managing the availability, allocation, access, and use of telecommunication resources, such as radio frequency (RF) spectrum resources, between participating networks. The components may also be configured to generate granular resource units that each identify an amount of a telecommunication resource that is offered for allocation and/or use by other networks with respect to an area or volume, and offer the resource units for purchase, lease, or trade, such as via a commodities exchange or a telecommunications commodity exchange (TCE) component.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC and/or DPC components may be configured to monitor a congestion state of an eNodeB, and intelligently allocate resources, manage user traffic of the eNodeBs, select target eNodeBs for handovers, determine the quality of service (QoS) levels that are to be given to wireless devices attached to the eNodeBs, and/or perform other similar operations to intelligently manage the allocation and use of resources by the various networks. The DPC and/or DSC components may be also configured to perform these and other operations based on the transitions, changes, transition rates, or rates of change in the congestion levels of the network components.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. A dynamic spectrum arbitrage application part (DSAAP) protocol/component/module may allow, facilitate, support, or augment communications between the DSC and DPC so as to improve the efficiency and speed of the DSA system. The DSAAP may allow the DPC and/or DSC components to better pool resources across the different networks, better monitor traffic and resource usage in the various networks, to more efficiently communicate bids and bidding information, to quickly and efficiently register and deregister components, and better perform backoff operations.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a plurality of femtocells, a home eNodeB gateway (HGW) coupled to each of the plurality of femtocells, a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) coupled to the HGW, and a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) coupled to the DSC and a plurality of other DSCs. Each of the femtocells may be configured to monitor network conditions, generate congestion reports based on a result of the monitoring, and send the generated congestion reports to the HGW. The HGW may be configured to receive congestion reports from many different femtocells, generate congestion state information based on the received congestion reports, and send the congestion state information to the DSC. The DSC may be configured to receiving the congestion state information from one or more HGWs, and use the received congestion state information to perform intelligent DSA operations (e.g., allocating resources, requesting handins, performing backoff operations, etc.).

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. A wireless device may be configured to intelligently select and use these allocated resources. For example, the wireless device may be configured to traverse an ordered list of preferred of networks to identify and select a first cell site in a first telecommunication network, establish a first communication link between the wireless device and the selected first cell site, receive network information identifying a geographic region in which the wireless device is allowed to use resources of a second telecommunication network, determine whether the wireless device is in the geographical region, and establish a second communication link to a second cell in the second telecommunication network based on the received network information.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a home subscriber server (HSS), a mobility management entity (MME), an eNodeB, a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC), and a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC). The DSC may receive resource allocation information from the DPC, and send updated information and instructions to the HSS. The HSS may be configured to receive information from the DSC, detect changes to HSS subscription information (e.g., user profile information), determine whether the changes affect the information managed/stored by an MME component, and send the detected changes to the MME component when the HSS determines that the changes affect the information managed/stored by the MME. The MME component may use the information included in the received messages to add, remove, or modify the MME's stored subscription information or user profile information. The MME component may then communicate these updates, additions, or changes to the HSS component.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. A wireless device may be configured to intelligently select and use these allocated resources. For example, the wireless device may be configured to traverse an ordered list of preferred of networks to identify and select a first cell site in a first telecommunication network, establish a first communication link between the wireless device and the selected first cell site, receive network information identifying a geographic region in which the wireless device is allowed to use resources of a second telecommunication network, determine whether the wireless device is in the geographical region, and establish a second communication link to a second cell in the second telecommunication network based on the received network information.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a home subscriber server (HSS), a mobility management entity (MME), an eNodeB, a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC), and a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC). The DSC may receive resource allocation information from the DPC, and send updated information and instructions to the HSS. The HSS may be configured to receive information from the DSC, detect changes to HSS subscription information (e.g., user profile information), determine whether the changes affect the information managed/stored by an MME component, and send the detected changes to the MME component when the HSS determines that the changes affect the information managed/stored by the MME. The MME component may use the information included in the received messages to add, remove, or modify the MME's stored subscription information or user profile information. The MME component may then communicate these updates, additions, or changes to the HSS component.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a home subscriber server (HSS), a mobility management entity (MME), an eNodeB, a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC), and a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC). The DSC may receive resource allocation information from the DPC, and send updated information and instructions to the HSS. The HSS may be configured to receive information from the DSC, detect changes to HSS subscription information (e.g., user profile information), determine whether the changes affect the information managed/stored by an MME component, and send the detected changes to the MME component when the HSS determines that the changes affect the information managed/stored by the MME. The MME component may use the information included in the received messages to add, remove, or modify the MME's stored subscription information or user profile information. The MME component may then communicate these updates, additions, or changes to the HSS component.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. A wireless device may be configured to intelligently select and use these allocated resources. For example, the wireless device may be configured to traverse an ordered list of preferred of networks to identify and select a first cell site in a first telecommunication network, establish a first communication link between the wireless device and the selected first cell site, receive network information identifying a geographic region in which the wireless device is allowed to use resources of a second telecommunication network, determine whether the wireless device is in the geographical region, and establish a second communication link to a second cell in the second telecommunication network based on the received network information.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC and/or DPC components may be configured to monitor a congestion state of an eNodeB, and intelligently allocate resources, manage user traffic of the eNodeBs, select target eNodeBs for handovers, determine the quality of service (QoS) levels that are to be given to wireless devices attached to the eNodeBs, and/or perform other similar operations to intelligently manage the allocation and use of resources by the various networks. The DPC and/or DSC components may be also configured to perform these and other operations based on the transitions, changes, transition rates, or rates of change in the congestion levels of the network components.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC and DPC may be configured communicate using a DSAAP protocol, component, or communication message. For example, the DSC may be configured to receive a list of resources that are available for bidding via a communication link to DPC using a DSAAP protocol, generate a bid request message to bid on a resource in the received list of resources, and send the bid request message to the DPC. The DPC may receive the bid request message from the DSC, determine whether the bid request message is valid, determine whether the DSC is a winner bidder, and sending a bid won message to the DSC via the communication link using a DSAAP protocol.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system includes a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC component may include wired or wireless connections to eNodeBs, a mobility management entity (MME), and various other network components. These components may be configured to communicate and perform various mobility management operations to better manage and coordinate the handling (e.g., handoffs, hand-ins, backoff, etc.) of wireless devices as they are moved with respect to the allocated resources.