Abstract: An apparatus comprising circuitry configured to generate a user equipment identifier which is unique on Anchor cell level or which is unique in RAN notified area level.

Abstract: A method of operating a terminal device in a wireless telecommunications system comprising the terminal device and a non-terrestrial network access node, wherein the method comprises the terminal device performing the steps of: determining a first location for the terminal device transmitting signalling indicating the first location; determining a second location for the terminal device; determining whether or not a distance between the first location and the second location is more than a predefined threshold distance, and if so transmitting signalling indicating the second location.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data by a terminal device operating in a wireless communications system comprising a non-terrestrial network access node and the terminal device, comprises the terminal device receiving an indication of an initial value of a set of one or more communications parameters for transmitting radio signals carrying the data, and modelling a state of a communications channel from the terminal device to a non-terrestrial network access node, in which a link adaptation procedure is used to select a revised value of the set of the one or more communications parameters with respect to the initial value of the set of the one or more communications parameters for the modelled channel state, and the method includes adapting the value of the set of the one or more communications parameters according to the revised value.

Abstract: A receiver for detecting and recovering payload data from a received signal is provided. The receiver includes a detector, a frequency synchronizer, and a demodulator. The receiver is configured to detect the received signal. The received signal includes the payload data and signalling data for use in detecting and recovering the payload data. The frequency synchronizer is configured to process the received signal so as to compensate for a frequency offset in the received signal. The demodulator is configured to detect the one or more first symbols and the one or more second symbols, to recover the signalling data from the one or more first symbols, and to use the signalling data to recover the payload data from the one or more second symbols. The sequence is a signature sequence associated with a transmitter of the received signal.

Abstract: The method includes transmitting the wake-up-signal in the selected format for use by the communications device. An arrangement is therefore provided in which a format of a wake-up-signal can be selected in accordance with characteristics of a process performed by a receiver to detect the wake-up-signal in accordance with the selected format. Accordingly, the format of the wake-up-signal can be selected in accordance with most appropriate characteristics for detecting the wake-up-signal with respect to a timing of the paging occasions for which the wake-up-signal is being transmitted and other signals from which the communications device can synchronise with the infrastructure equipment.

Abstract: A network access node for use in a wireless telecommunications system comprising the network access node and a terminal device, the network access node is operable to: transmit wake-up signalling for the terminal device in a wake-up signalling transmission period in advance of transmitting a paging message to indicate the terminal device should seek to decode the paging message, wherein the wake-up signalling comprises: first wake-up signalling transmitted in a first frequency band during a first transmission period in the wake-up signalling transmission period; and second wake-up signalling transmitted in a second frequency band during a second transmission period in the wake-up signalling transmission period.

Abstract: A communications device for transmitting data to a wireless communications network is configured to transmit a random access preamble, and to transmit uplink data in an uplink shared physical channel associated with the preamble according to a 2-step random access procedure, the association between the preamble and the uplink shared channel being known to the wireless communications network. The communications device is configured to detect, in response to transmitting the preamble and the uplink data, a random access response message providing timing advance information and uplink grant of resources of the uplink shared channel according to a 4-step random access procedure.

Abstract: A method for operating an infrastructure equipment forming part of a wireless communications network, which includes a base station and a non-terrestrial network part, the non-terrestrial network part transmitting a plurality of spot beams to provide a wireless access interface for transmitting signals to and receiving signals representing data from a communications device within a coverage region formed by a first of the spot beams. The method comprises receiving assistance information from the communications device, identifying, based on the received assistance information, that a backup configuration should be updated to indicate one or more others of the spot beams, the one or more others of the spot beams being backups to the first spot beam in case of beam failure of the first spot beam, and transmitting a backup beam reconfiguration message to the communications device, the backup beam configuration message comprising an indication of the updated backup configuration.

Abstract: A transmitter for transmitting data to communications devices via a wireless access. The transmitter including modulator circuitry configured to receive modulation symbols of a segment and to rotate each modulation symbol by an angle dependent on a choice of modulation scheme, and receive each of the segments of rotated modulation symbols and for each segment to separate real and imaginary components of the rotated modulation symbols for the segment and to interleave the real components of the rotated modulation symbols of the segment differently to the imaginary components of the rotated modulation symbols of the segment. The circuitry also is configured to recombine the real and imaginary interleaved components of the rotated modulation symbols of each segment and to form from the real and imaginary components modulation cells.

Abstract: A transmitter for transmitting payload data and emergency information using data symbols in a single-carrier or multi-carrier broadcast system includes a modulator configured to modulate one or more transmission symbols with signaling data for use in detecting and recovering the payload data at a receiver and to modulate one or more transmission symbols with the payload data. An emergency information receiver receives emergency information carrying information of an actual emergency. An emergency information embedder embeds emergency information into one or more transmission symbols, wherein the emergency information is embedded within a predetermined time period after its reception by using a resource used for carrying signaling data and/or payload data if no emergency information shall be transmitted. A transmission unit transmits the transmission symbols.

Abstract: A base station for a mobile telecommunications system has circuitry configured to communicate with at least one user equipment, wherein the circuitry is further configured to set a first subcarrier spacing for transmission of at least one synchronization signal; and set a second subcarrier spacing for transmission on a physical broadcast channel, wherein the first subcarrier spacing differs from the second subcarrier spacing.

Abstract: A method of operating an infrastructure node in a wireless communications system is provided. The method comprises detecting that downlink messages for a communications device to decode should be transmitted by the node in one or more of a plurality or temporally spaced paging occasions, and determining that a wake-up signal (WUS) should be transmitted by the node to the communications device in advance of each of the one or more paging occasions which comprise the downlink messages for the communications device to decode, determining that a time since a most recent transmission of a signal which can be used by the communications device to re-synchronise with the node is greater than a predetermined threshold and transmitting, in response to determining that the time since the most recent transmission from the infrastructure equipment to the communications device is greater than the predetermined threshold, a preamble signal to the communications device.

Abstract: A base station for a mobile telecommunications system has circuitry which is configured to communicate with at least one user equipment. The circuitry is further configured to: transmit a short data transmission within the time scheduled for a long data transmission; and schedule, based on the transmission of the short data, a HARQ ACK/NACK response relating to at least a part of the long data transmission.

Abstract: A method for an infrastructure equipment of a wireless communications network, the method comprising receiving a request to establish a connection from a communications device in a first cell; and in response to receiving the request, selecting a second cell to be a next serving cell for the communications device and transmitting an indication of an identity of the second cell to the communications device.

Abstract: A method for operating an infrastructure equipment forming part of a wireless communications network is provided. The wireless communications network comprises a base station and a non-terrestrial network part, the non-terrestrial network part transmitting one or more spot beams to provide a wireless access interface for transmitting signals to and receiving signals representing data from a communications device within a coverage region of a cell or one of the spot beams, the spot beam forming a cell. The method comprises transmitting, to the communications device, an indication of a first condition to be met before the communications device should transmit assistance information to the infrastructure equipment, receiving the assistance information from the communications device upon the first condition being met, determining, based on the assistance information, that a cell change of the communications device should be initiated, and initiating the cell change of the communications device.

Abstract: A method for operating an infrastructure equipment forming part of a wireless communications network is provided. The infrastructure equipment is a non-terrestrial network part of the wireless communications network configured to transmit one or more spot beams to provide a wireless access interface for transmitting signals to and receiving signals representing data from a communications device within a coverage region of a cell or one of the spot beams, the spot beam forming a cell. The method comprises broadcasting system information for receipt by the communications device, the system information including information relating to at least one of a cell or a spot beam of a neighbouring infrastructure equipment and a second spot beam of the infrastructure equipment, wherein the system information is broadcast in accordance with at least one predetermined condition.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising circuitry configured to perform a transport channel processing chain, the transport channel processing chain comprising a sub-carrier puncturing function, the sub-carrier puncturing function comprising puncturing, in each subframe of a composite transmission time interval, a set of sub-carriers from at least one mapped physical resource block.

Abstract: A method for a communications device in a coverage region of a first cell generated by a non-terrestrial network part of a wireless communications network, the first cell being a serving cell for the communications device, the method comprising determining whether the coverage area of the first cell overlaps with a region associated with a coverage area of at least one non-serving cell, and in response to determining that the coverage area of the serving cell overlaps with a region associated with a coverage area of at least one non-serving cell, initiating measurements of signals transmitted on a frequency which is used for transmissions by infrastructure equipment associated with the at least one non-serving cell.

Abstract: In a wireless communications system, an infrastructure equipment is configured to form a synchronization signal block comprising one or more Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed, OFDM, symbol carrying a synchronization sequence and one or more other OFDM symbols carrying information of a physical broadcast channel of the wireless access interface. Each of the one or more OFDM symbols of the synchronization block is formed by a plurality of frequency domain sub-carrier signals each being transmitted over the duration of the OFDM symbol in a resource element of the wireless access interface. Each OFDM symbol of the synchronization signal block has the same sub-carrier spacing, and each of the one or more other OFDM symbols carrying information of a physical broadcast channel of the wireless access interface is arranged to include demodulation reference symbols.

Abstract: A receiver for detecting and recovering payload data from a received signal comprises a radio frequency demodulation circuit, a detector circuit and a demodulator circuit. The radio frequency demodulation circuit detects the received signal. The received signal carries the payload data as OFDM symbols in one or more of a plurality of time divided frames, each frame including a bootstrap signal, a preamble signal and a plurality of sub-frames. The demodulator circuit detects bootstrap OFDM symbols to identify communications parameters for detecting the fixed length signalling data, detects the fixed length signalling data to identify the communications parameters for detecting the variable length signalling data, detects the variable length signalling data, and uses the fixed and variable length signalling data to detect the payload data.