Abstract: A system incorporating sensor enhanced composite armor structure. The structure has one layer including ceramic tiles and ceramic-material transducers, wherein the ceramic tiles and the transducers fit closely together so that the one layer is ballistically windowless. The structure has other layers composed of armor material stacked with the one layer, the one layer and the other layers forming a plate which as a unit has a set or group of fundamental frequencies. The system includes logic means to analyze only signals resulting from vibrations transmitted from the one transducer to the other transducer through the one layer. The logic means thereby derives a signal fingerprint which characterizes a state of damage to the plate.

Abstract: A system incorporating sensor enhanced composite armor structure. The structure has one layer including ceramic tiles and ceramic-material transducers, wherein the ceramic tiles and the transducers fit closely together so that the one layer is ballistically windowless. The structure has other layers composed of armor material stacked with the one layer, the one layer and the other layers forming a plate which as a unit has a set or group of fundamental frequencies. The system includes logic means to analyze only signals resulting from vibrations transmitted from the one transducer to the other transducer through the one layer. The logic means thereby derives a signal fingerprint which characterizes a state of damage to the plate.

Abstract: A unit of modular armor. The module has a box-like, optically opaque outer shell of ballistic-protection material enclosed to exclude light from the module's interior. The shell contains transparent armor plates and the shell contains a self-diagnostic system for ascertaining whether the plates have been damaged. The self-diagnostic system includes a first PC board disposed along first edges of the plates, the board being divided into strips on which are mounted rows of lights. The self-diagnostic system further includes a second PC board at second, opposed edges of the plates divided into strips on which are mounted rows of light receptors. The PC boards incorporate circuitry for illuminating the rows of the lights in a row-by-row sequence, and for allowing activation only of the receptors directly opposed to illuminated lights. This circuitry has an analysis means for determining the health of the plates in response to signals from the receptors.

Abstract: A unit of modular armor. The module has a box-like, optically opaque outer shell of ballistic-protection material enclosed to exclude light from the module's interior. The shell contains transparent armor plates and the shell contains a self-diagnostic system for ascertaining whether the plates have been damaged. The self-diagnostic system includes a first PC board disposed along first edges of the plates, the board being divided into strips on which are mounted rows of lights. The self-diagnostic system further includes a second PC board at second, opposed edges of the plates divided into strips on which are mounted rows of light receptors. The PC boards incorporate circuitry for illuminating the rows of the lights in a row-by-row sequence, and for allowing activation only of the receptors directly opposed to illuminated lights. This circuitry has an analysis means for determining the health of the plates in response to signals from the receptors.

Abstract: The method and system provide a means of inspecting die sets by scanning the core die and the cavity die separately. A special software technique is used to transform both data scans to the same coordinate system or frame in an orientation which simulates die closure. Then methods are used to determined the exact shape of the interior of the die set when closed.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for the automated alignment of free-form geometries. The method includes the steps of providing a computer work station, a first HDPDM describing the first geometry, and a second HDPDM describing the second geometry. The two geometries must be in crude alignment with one another within a coordinate frame. Next, a plurality of normal distances are computed from the first geometry to the second geometry. The normal distances are used to derive a weighted-fit objective function. A step size is then determined, and the step size is used in the following step of iteratively translating the second HDPDM until the objective function is maximized. The steps of determining a step size and iteratively translating the second HDPDM are repeated until the step size is less than or equal to a desired alignment resolution. The disclosed system includes the means for turning out the steps of the disclosed method.

Abstract: Circular reference features such as drilled holes are located in an area of a part such as a cylinder head, the surface of which is laser scanned to obtain scan data. The scan data provides height values of the part. Differences in height values are used to determine the points on scan lines which are boundary points of the circular holes. A first algorithm is used to estimate the contour and radius of each hole. A second algorithm provides a correction factor for the radius of each hole. The circular reference features are used for registering the part relative to a reference datum. Methods are provided that allow the accurate determination of the location of such reference features to within 0.01 mm. (0.0004 in.) from the scan data. The method may be utilized to create modified scan data to machine the part. The method may be utilized iteratively from different views of the part to obtain data which represents the part.

Abstract: A method is provided for verifying the accuracy of a part geometry with respect to a master geometry. The method begins with the step of providing a computer workstation including a computer and an output device attached to the computer. The method also includes the steps of generating a master HDPDM describing the geometry of the master and generating a part HDPDM describing the geometry of the part. The master HDPDM includes a plurality of points. The method further includes the step of aligning the master HDPDM and the part HDPDM within a coordinate frame. The method continues with the step of computing the distance from each point of the master HDPDM to the surface described by the part HDPDM to obtain signed distance data. The method concludes with the step of displaying an image on the output device based on the signed distance data.

Abstract: Method and system are provided which permits the very precise integration of high density data scans obtained from different part orientations through the use of Horn's method. The data may be obtained from a laser scanner or other methods for obtaining high density data such as Moire interferometry systems. The method and system use an artificial intelligence technique which permits the very precise determination of the dimensions of analytic features. In the preferred embodiment, the method uses a laser scanner to collect a fine grid of height (z) values of the workpiece. The part is scanned along lines with constant x or constant y. Before the part is scanned, several small reference features are added to the part if needed. These reference features may be small pieces of tape, or small metal washers. Then methods are used to find the precise location of the centers of the reference features.

Abstract: Circular reference features such as drilled holes are located in an area of a part such as a cylinder head, the surface of which is laser scanned to obtain scan data. The scan data provides height values of the part. Differences in height values are used to determine the points on scan lines which are boundary points of the circular holes. A first algorithm is used to estimate the contour and radius of each hole. A second algorithm provides a correction factor for the radius of each hole. The circular reference features are used for registering the part relative to a reference datum. Methods are provided that allow the accurate determination of the location of such reference features to within 0.01 mm. (0.0004 in.) from the scan data. The method may be utilized to create modified scan data to machine the part. The method may be utilized iteratively from different views of the part to obtain data which represents the part.

Abstract: Reference or analytic features such as intake and exhaust valves and valve guides are located in an area of a workpiece or part such as a cylinder head, the surface of which is laser scanned to obtain laser scan data. The scan data provides a fine grid of height (Z) values of the part. The part is scanned along lines with constant x or constant y. The method uses a graphical interface and least squares techniques to determine a reference plane for the desired analytic feature. Image processing techniques are then used to extract the desired feature and its boundary. Finally, techniques are used to calculate the precise dimensions of the analytic feature.