Abstract: A battery assembly includes an enclosure, and a plurality of battery modules within the enclosure. Each battery module includes an array of battery cells, one or more first sensors configured to measure one or more first parameters of the corresponding battery module, and a first processor configured to receive sense signals from the one or more first sensors of the corresponding battery module. One or more second sensors are within the enclosure, but external to the battery modules, and configured to measure one or more second parameters of the battery assembly. A second processor within the enclosure is to receive data from each of first processors and the one or more second sensors, and transmit controller input data to a controller external to the battery assembly, the controller input data based on the data received from the first processors and the one or more second sensors.