Abstract: The system provides new methods and processes for the reaction of polymeric/oligomeric substrates with reactants comprising alkyne/alkene and/or protic nucleophilic moieties to afford functionalized polymeric/oligomeric products through the utilization of homogenous and/or heterogenous gold catalysis. More specifically, the system provides routes for reaction of polymeric/oligomeric substrates comprising varying degrees of aromatic character with alkyne/alkene bearing molecules to afford a functionalized polymeric/oligomeric product. The system additionally provides pathways wherein the inverse methodology is realized, providing functionalized materials from the reaction of polymeric substrates bearing alkyne/alkene moieties with aromatic and/or protic nucleophilic reagents. Furthermore, in a tangential methodology, the system affords functionalized polymeric materials from the reaction of polymeric substrates bearing protic nucleophilic substituents with alkyne/alkene containing molecules.

Abstract: A hardtop shell is provided for vehicles having a variety of vehicle body styles, including all sport utility vehicles (SUV), trucks and crossovers. The hardtop shell follows the top frame of the vehicle/OEM roll cage, allowing for much more open-air space, when removing modular portions of the hardtop. The hardtop shell follows the top frame of the vehicle. The hardtop shell also can be mainly fabricated out of metal. The hardtop shell comprises a main outer frame that mates to the body and frame of the vehicle, and may also comprise modular and removable additional components such as roof panels, a rear door and gull wings. The main frame mates to the body or frame of the vehicle with a plurality of bolts, nuts, rivnuts, gaskets, seals, compression latches and other similar hardware or methods.

Abstract: A truck shell is provided that is able to incorporate a variety of retractable, convertible and/or removable rooftops. The truck shell is designed to be able to drive with or without the rooftop component installed, and with or without the rooftop component in the open or closed position. The truck shell comprises a frame structure which enables its use without a rooftop component installed while retaining structural integrity, and also enabling the use of a number of different structures and styles of rooftops.

Abstract: The system provides new methods and processes for the reaction of polymeric/oligomeric substrates with reactants comprising alkyne/alkene and/or protic nucleophilic moieties to afford functionalized polymeric/oligomeric products through the utilization of homogenous and/or heterogenous gold catalysis. More specifically, the system provides routes for reaction of polymeric/oligomeric substrates comprising varying degrees of aromatic character with alkyne/alkene bearing molecules to afford a functionalized polymeric/oligomeric product. The system additionally provides pathways wherein the inverse methodology is realized, providing functionalized materials from the reaction of polymeric substrates bearing alkyne/alkene moieties with aromatic and/or protic nucleophilic reagents. Furthermore, in a tangential methodology, the system affords functionalized polymeric materials from the reaction of polymeric substrates bearing protic nucleophilic substituents with alkyne/alkene containing molecules.