Abstract: A data store may implement variable data replication and quorum-based durability schemes. Write requests may be maintained in complete views of the data or incomplete views of the data at storage nodes in a quorum set in the data store. Write requests may be received at different storage nodes sufficient to establish a write quorum, and stored in the replicas of the data at the storage nodes where they are received. Storage nodes maintaining incomplete views of the data may determine that each of the storage nodes maintaining a complete view of the data in the quorum set stores certain write requests, and in response, may reclaim storage space for those write requests included in the incomplete views of the data in order to store other data at the storage node.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention predicts a vehicular event relating to machinal performance using information obtained from interior and exterior sensors, vehicle onboard computer (“VOC”), and cloud data. The process of predication is able to activate interior and exterior sensors mounted on a vehicle operated by a driver for obtaining current data relating to external surroundings, interior settings, and internal mechanical conditions of the vehicle. After forwarding the current data to VOC to generate a current vehicle status representing real-time vehicle performance in accordance with the current data, retrieving a historical data associated with the vehicle including mechanical condition is retrieved. In one aspect, a normal condition signal is issued when the current vehicle status does not satisfy with the optimal condition based on the historical data. Alternatively, a race car condition is issued when the current vehicle status meets with the optimal condition.

Abstract: A database system may receive a write request that specifies a modification to be made to a particular data record stored by the database system. A log record representing the modification to be made to the particular data record may be sent to a storage service of the database system. An indication (e.g., log record or other indication) that indicates a cached version of the particular data record stored in a read replica's cache is stale may be sent to a read replica. For a subsequent read of the particular data record received by the read replica, the read replica may request the particular data record from the storage service.

Abstract: A method and/or system is able to improve vehicle safety by determining if an object is embedded in a tire of the vehicle. Audio data is received from a microphone that is positioned to capture sounds of the tire moving on the road. The speed of the vehicle is also obtained, where the speed overlaps the same timeframe of when the sounds of the tire are captured by the microphone. An object is determined to be embedded in the tire based on a frequency analysis of the received audio data relative to the speed of the vehicle. And an alert is output to the driver of the vehicle indicating that the object is embedded in the tire.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention predicts a vehicular event relating to machinal performance using information obtained from interior and exterior sensors, vehicle onboard computer (“VOC”), and cloud data. The process of predication is able to activate interior and exterior sensors mounted on a vehicle operated by a driver for obtaining current data relating to external surroundings, interior settings, and internal mechanical conditions of the vehicle. After forwarding the current data to VOC to generate a current vehicle status representing real-time vehicle performance in accordance with the current data, retrieving a historical data associated with the vehicle including mechanical condition is retrieved. In one aspect, a normal condition signal is issued when the current vehicle status does not satisfy with the optimal condition based on the historical data. Alternatively, a race car condition is issued when the current vehicle status meets with the optimal condition.

Abstract: A database system may include a database service and a separate distributed storage service. The database service (or a database engine head node thereof) may be responsible for query parsing, optimization, and execution, transactionality, and consistency, while the storage service may be responsible for generating data pages from redo log records and for durability of those data pages. For example, in response to a write request directed to a particular data page, the database engine head node may generate a redo log record and send it, but not the data page, to a storage service node. The storage service node may store the redo log record and return a write acknowledgement to the database service prior to applying the redo log record. The server node may apply the redo log record and other redo log records to a previously stored version of the data page to create a current version.

Abstract: High-speed processing of packets to, and from, a virtualization environment can be provided while utilizing hardware-based segmentation offload and other such functionality. A hardware vendor such as a network interface card (NIC) manufacturer can enable the hardware to support open and proprietary stateless tunneling in conjunction with a protocol such as single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) in order to implement a virtualized overlay network. The hardware can utilize various rules, for example, that can be used by the NIC to perform certain actions, such as to encapsulate egress packets and decapsulate packets.

Abstract: A method and/or system is able to provide driver fingerprint via metadata extraction managed by a driver rating (“DR”) model trained by a machine learning center (“MLC”) coupled to a cloud based network (“CBN”). In one embodiment, a DR system includes a set of outward facing cameras, a set of inward facing cameras, and a vehicle onboard computer (“VOC”). The set of outward facing cameras mounted on a vehicle is used to collect external images representing a surrounding environment in which the vehicle operates. The set of inward facing cameras mounted in the vehicle is used to collect internal images including operator body expression representing at least operator's attention. The VOC is configured to determine the identity of operator and current operating style in response to the collected internal images, the collected external images, and historical stored data.

Abstract: A method or system is able to refine Global Positioning System (“GPS”) information for guiding a vehicle via extracted metadata using a GPS refinement (“GR”) model managed by a virtuous cycle containing sensors, machine learning center (“MLC”), and a cloud based network (“CBN”). The GR system includes a set of outward facing cameras, a vehicle onboard computer (“VOC”), and GR model. The outward facing cameras mounted on a vehicle are capable of collecting external images representing a surrounding environment in which the vehicle operates. The VOC is configured to generate a positional vehicle location with respect to the surrounding environment in accordance with the external images and historical stored data obtained from CBN. The GR model is configured to generate a driving guidance based on combined information between the positional vehicle location and GPS data.

Abstract: Hybrid quorum policies may be implemented for access requests to state maintained in a distributed system. An update to state maintained in a distributed system may be sent to multiple nodes in the distributed system maintain the state in order to satisfy a hybrid quorum policy for updating the state in the distributed system. The hybrid quorum policy may include individual quorum policies for multiple quorum sets including nodes of the distributed system. Acknowledgments received from nodes in the distributed system indicating that the update is performed may be evaluated according to the individual quorum policies to determine whether the hybrid quorum policy is satisfied. If the hybrid quorum policy is satisfied, then the update to the state may be considered durable.

Abstract: High-speed processing of packets to, and from, a virtualization environment can be provided while utilizing hardware-based segmentation offload and other such functionality. A hardware vendor such as a network interface card (NIC) manufacturer can enable the hardware to support open and proprietary stateless tunneling in conjunction with a protocol such as single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) in order to implement a virtualized overlay network. The hardware can utilize various rules, for example, that can be used by the NIC to perform certain actions, such as to encapsulate egress packets and decapsulate packets.

Abstract: A method and/or system is able to provide driver fingerprint via metadata extraction managed by a driver rating (“DR”) model trained by a machine learning center (“MLC”) coupled to a cloud based network (“CBN”). In one embodiment, a DR system includes a set of outward facing cameras, a set of inward facing cameras, and a vehicle onboard computer (“VOC”). The set of outward facing cameras mounted on a vehicle is used to collect external images representing a surrounding environment in which the vehicle operates. The set of inward facing cameras mounted in the vehicle is used to collect internal images including operator body expression representing at least operator's attention. The VOC is configured to determine the identity of operator and current operating style in response to the collected internal images, the collected external images, and historical stored data.

Abstract: A log-structured data store may implement optimized log storage for asynchronous log updates. In some embodiments, log records may be received indicating updates to data stored for a storage client and indicating positions in a log record sequence. The log records themselves may not be guaranteed to be received according to the log record sequence. Received log records may be stored in a hot log portion of a block-based storage device according to an order in which they are received. Log records in the hot log portion may then be identified to be moved to a cold log portion of the block-based storage device in order to complete a next portion of the log record sequence. Log records may be modified, such as compressed, or coalesced, before being stored together in a data block of the cold log portion according to the log record sequence.

Abstract: A method or system is capable of detecting operator behavior (“OB”) utilizing a virtuous cycle containing sensors, machine learning center (“MLC”), and cloud based network (“CBN”). In one aspect, the process monitors operator body language captured by interior sensors and captures surrounding information observed by exterior sensors onboard a vehicle as the vehicle is in motion. After selectively recording the captured data in accordance with an OB model generated by MLC, an abnormal OB (“AOB”) is detected in accordance with vehicular status signals received by the OB model. Upon rewinding recorded operator body language and the surrounding information leading up to detection of AOB, labeled data associated with AOB is generated. The labeled data is subsequently uploaded to CBN for facilitating OB model training at MLC via a virtuous cycle.

Abstract: A method or system is able to refine Global Positioning System (“GPS”) information for guiding a vehicle via extracted metadata using a GPS refinement (“GR”) model managed by a virtuous cycle containing sensors, machine learning center (“MLC”), and a cloud based network (“CBN”). The GR system includes a set of outward facing cameras, a vehicle onboard computer (“VOC”), and GR model. The outward facing cameras mounted on a vehicle are capable of collecting external images representing a surrounding environment in which the vehicle operates. The VOC is configured to generate a positional vehicle location with respect to the surrounding environment in accordance with the external images and historical stored data obtained from CBN. The GR model is configured to generate a driving guidance based on combined information between the positional vehicle location and GPS data.

Abstract: A database system may implement efficient database journaling using non-volatile system memory. An update to a database may be received, and log records indicating the update may be generated. A non-volatile portion of the system memory may be directly accessed to store the generated log records such that in the event of a failure of the database, the log records may be still maintained. Log records stored to the non-volatile portion of the system memory may be identified as durably persisted, in some embodiments. Log records may be identified and sent to block-based storage, in some embodiments. Recovery from a database system failure, in some embodiments, by obtaining log records from the non-volatile portion of system memory.

Abstract: A method or system that is able to adjust an exterior mirror of a vehicle via an automatic mirror-setting (“AM”) model managed by a virtuous cycle containing a cloud based network (“CBN”). The system includes a set of mirrors, a set of inward facing cameras, a vehicle onboard computer (“VOC”), and AM module. In one embodiment, the mirrors, attached to a vehicle, are configured to capture at least a portion of the external environment in which the vehicle operates. The inward facing cameras, mounted in the vehicle, are configured to collect internal images, including the operator's facial features showing operator visual characteristics. The VOC, which is coupled to the CBN, is configured to determine operator vision metadata based on the internal images, operator visual characteristics, and historical stored data. The AM module is able to adaptively set a mirror to an optimal orientation so that the area of the external blind spot is minimized.

Abstract: A network-based services provider may reserve and provision primary resource instance capacity for a given service (e.g., enough compute instances, storage instances, or other virtual resource instances to implement the service) in one or more availability zones, and may designate contingency resource instance capacity for the service in another availability zone (without provisioning or reserving the contingency instances for the exclusive use of the service). For example, the service provider may provision resource instance(s) for a database engine head node in one availability zone and designate resource instance capacity for another database engine head node in another availability zone without instantiating the other database engine head node. While the service operates as expected using the primary resource instance capacity, the contingency resource capacity may be leased to other entities on a spot market. Leases for contingency instance capacity may be revoked when needed for the given service (e.g.

Abstract: A method or system is capable of detecting operator behavior (“OB”) utilizing a virtuous cycle containing sensors, machine learning center (“MLC”), and cloud based network (“CBN”). In one aspect, the process monitors operator body language captured by interior sensors and captures surrounding information observed by exterior sensors onboard a vehicle as the vehicle is in motion. After selectively recording the captured data in accordance with an OB model generated by MLC, an abnormal OB (“AOB”) is detected in accordance with vehicular status signals received by the OB model. Upon rewinding recorded operator body language and the surrounding information leading up to detection of AOB, labeled data associated with AOB is generated. The labeled data is subsequently uploaded to CBN for facilitating OB model training at MLC via a virtuous cycle.

Abstract: A log-structured data store may implement efficient garbage collection. Log records may be maintained in data blocks according to a log record sequence. Based, at least in part, on a log reclamation point, the log records may be evaluated to identify data blocks to reclaim that have log records in the log sequence prior to the log reclamation point. New versions of data pages updated by log records in the identified data blocks may be generated and stored in base page storage for the log structured data store. The identified data blocks may then be reclaimed for storing new data.