Abstract: A cryogenic trap for a thermal desorber includes a hollow quartz tube having a tube wall, a tube inlet, a tube outlet, and an interior passageway between the tube inlet and the tube outlet. A sorbent material is within the interior passageway, and a metal covering surrounds at least a portion of the quartz tube. The metal covering may be a metallic coating on an outer surface of the tube wall or a metal tube fitted around the quartz tube. The metal covering may be around a portion of the quartz tube adjacent the tube inlet and/or around a portion of the quartz tube adjacent the tube outlet. The metal covering may be around substantially an entirety of the quartz tube.

Abstract: A film for absorbing visible light, including: a plurality of silica nanoparticles, wherein a surface of at least a part of the plurality of silica nanoparticles is functionalized with a plurality of pigment molecules of a Melanin type compound.

Abstract: A film for absorbing visible light, including: a substrate, wherein a surface of the substrate is covered with an adhesive coating of polydopamine or a polymerized dopamine derivative.

Abstract: A film for absorbing visible light, including: a plurality of silica nanoparticles, wherein a surface of at least a part of the plurality of silica nanoparticles is functionalized with a plurality of pigment molecules of a Melanin type compound.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of determining a signal code. The method comprising steps of acquiring and correlating a signal with a first code sequence. In response to the timing lock is achieved. Also in response to the signal correlation, an acknowledge from a receiver of the signal to a transmitter change to a second code sequence.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of determining a signal code. The method comprising steps of acquiring and correlating a signal with a first code sequence. In response to the timing lock is achieved. Also in response to the signal correlation, an acknowledge from a receiver of the signal to a transmitter change to a second code sequence.

Abstract: A method and system for open-loop acquisition of a pseudo-noise (PN) encoded QPSK burst signal is provided. The method includes the steps of determining a PN correlation accumulation (PNCA) threshold and a sync threshold. Searching for a burst signal synchronization by searching a burst preamble for a sync word exceeding the sync threshold. In response to detecting the sync word, performing a PNCA of at least 256 bits following the detected sync word and comparing the PNCA of the at least 256 bits with the PNCA threshold. The comparison further includes the step of verifying that the PNCA of the 256 bits following the detected sync word exceeds the PNCA threshold and then verifying sync word detection. Next, using the burst preamble an estimate of carrier signal frequency is determined; and using a subsequent burst preamble carrier signal frequency and carrier signal phase is determined.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of determining a signal code. The method comprising steps of acquiring and correlating a signal with a first code sequence. In response to the correlation of the signal with a first code sequence a timing lock is achieved. Also in response to the signal correlation, an acknowledgement from a receiver of the signal to a transmitter of the signal is sent where upon the receiver and transmitter change to a second code sequence.

Abstract: A network synchronization method designed to provide synchronization of multiple networks and devices. This invention provides a specific method for determining which nodes are responsible for network synchronization as nodes fail or cannot see each other due to conditions on the network. This allows for fault tolerance in a network in which conditions change dynamically. In addition, this invention uses synchronization codes and network numbers to isolate separate networks using the same physical medium, thus allowing sharing of network resources.