Abstract: A reaction system comprises a reactor vessel, a secondary vessel, a transfer line providing fluid communication between the reactor vessel and the secondary vessel, a return line providing fluid communication between the secondary vessel and the reactor vessel, a filter disposed within the secondary vessel, and at least one freeze plug valve disposed within the transfer line or the return line.

Abstract: A heat transfer media comprises a particle. The particle comprises a discontinuous phase and a matrix material. The discontinuous phase is disposed within the matrix material, and the matrix material has a higher melting point than the discontinuous phase. The discontinuous phase has a melting point selected to be within a reaction temperature range.

Abstract: A reaction process includes introducing hydrocarbon reactants into a vessel, reacting the hydrocarbon reactants in contact with the gas phase catalyst in the vessel to produce reaction products comprising solid carbon and a gas phase product, separating the solid carbon from the gas phase products and the gas phase catalyst to produce a solid carbon product, condensing the gas phase catalyst to produce a condensed catalyst, and returning the condensed catalyst to the liquid catalyst reservoir. The vessel comprises a gas phase catalyst and a liquid catalyst reservoir containing a liquid catalyst.

Abstract: A pyrolysis process comprises introducing one or more chemical reactants into a reactor containing a liquid maintained at a high temperature, producing chemical products in the liquid based on the high temperature, allowing the solid product to grow in particle size, accumulating the solid product in the liquid, and removing the solid product from the reactor while retaining a substantial portion of the liquid within the reactor. The chemical products comprise a solid chemical product that is mixed with the liquid.

Abstract: A method of preheating a feed to a molten material reactor comprises heating a hydrocarbon feed in a first heat exchanger using a cooled product gas to produce a heated hydrocarbon feed stream, pyrolyzing at least a portion of the C2+ hydrocarbons in the heated feed stream in a pyrolysis reactor to produce a pyrolyzed hydrocarbon stream, and heating the pyrolyzed hydrocarbon stream in a second heat exchanger using a product gas to produce a pre-heated feed gas. The heated hydrocarbon feed stream comprises methane and one or more C2+ hydrocarbons.