Abstract: Apparatus for the destruction of inactivation of microbes by subjecting them to a high potential gradient. The apparatus includes a processing chamber containing spaced apart electrodes, at least one solid insulating barrier dividing the space within the chamber, the barrier having at least one passageway such that no fluid can pass through the chamber without flowing through the passageway, and a voltage source for providing a pulse of voltage.

Abstract: Various chemical disinfectants, such as chlorine, have a broad capability for destroying or deactivating microbes, but can produce harmful disinfection by-products. They also result in residual contamination by the disinfecting chemical. The application of high potential gradients to a liquid medium containing microbes also has a powerful disinfecting action. The combination of chemical disinfectants with the electric process leads to a compound process of great effectiveness, whereby the electrical process acts with greater efficiency and the amounts of chemical disinfectant required are substantially reduced.

Abstract: A high voltage shunt reactor includes a cylindrical magnetic shell of radially extending laminated layers of magnetic material, and a coil wound within the shell having a large reactance volume within the coil. The reactor uses a portion of the nonmagnetic, reactance volume within the coil for high voltage insulation. This construction substantially increases the energy storage volume within the reactor, so that a high energy storage level may be achieved.

Abstract: A sheet-wound transformer employing coils of thicker conductor in regions of higher eddy current losses and of thinner conductor in regions of lower eddy current losses exhibits improved temperature uniformity and lower total losses substantially without any increase in coil volume or weight compared to a conventional sheet-wound transformer.

Abstract: An electrical coil comprised of sheet conductor is wound with dry film insulation between turns. The entire structure is maintained in a compressed gas environment, rendering harmless any small voids that may exist in the insulation. Cooling ducts of thin, cylindrical annuli are wound into the coil at intervals, and are completely sealed except for two places where they connect with inlet and outlet pipes.