Abstract: A process for deprotecting an amino acid during solid phase peptide synthesis includes removing a protecting group of a protected amino acid with a deprotecting agent in a reaction vessel, during which at least a portion of the deprotecting agent volatizes or evaporates into an upper interior portion of the reaction vessel. The process further includes directing an inert gas through the interior of the reaction vessel to purge volatized deprotecting agent from the interior of the reaction vessel. The present disclosure also relates to a solid phase peptide synthesis system for deprotecting an amino acid.

Abstract: A process for deprotecting a protected amino acid during solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) includes removing a protecting group of a protected amino acid in a reaction vessel with a deprotecting base present in the reaction vessel in an amount greater than zero to about 5 vol %, based on the total volume (100 vol %) of a deprotection reaction mixture in the reaction vessel. At least a portion of the deprotecting base evaporates into an upper interior portion of the reaction vessel (e.g., the headspace) during the removing step. The process also includes directing an inert gas through the reaction vessel to remove evaporated deprotecting base from the interior of the reaction vessel (e.g., from the headspace) during the step of removing the protecting group.

Abstract: A solvent system for solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed that combines a morpholine-based compound and an alkoxybenzene-based compound to form a solvent that can be compatible with both polystyrene and/or PEG resins and that can produce purity yields at least comparable to conventional solvents such as DMF, DMA, and/or NMP.

Abstract: An improved method of coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed in which the activation and coupling are carried out in the same vessel, in the presence of a carbodiimide in an amount greater than 1 equivalent as compared to the amino acid, in the presence of an activator additive, and at a temperature greater than 30° C.

Abstract: A metal matrix composite is provided, including a metal, inorganic particles, and discontinuous fibers. The inorganic particles and the discontinuous fibers are dispersed in the metal. The metal includes aluminum, magnesium, or alloys thereof. The inorganic particles have an envelope density that is at least 30% less than a density of the metal. The metal matrix composite has a lower envelope density than the matrix metal while retaining a substantial amount of the mechanical properties of the metal.

Abstract: A solvent system for solid phase peptide synthesis is disclosed that combines a morpholine-based compound and an alkoxybenzene-based compound to form a solvent that can be compatible with both polystyrene and/or PEG resins and that can produce purity yields at least comparable to conventional solvents such as DMF, DMA, and/or NMP.

Abstract: A method of making a porous metal matrix composite is provided. The method includes mixing a metal powder, a plurality of inorganic particles, and a plurality of discontinuous fibers to form a mixture, wherein the metal powder comprises aluminum, magnesium, an aluminum alloy, or a magnesium alloy. The method further includes sintering the mixture to form the porous metal matrix composite. Typically, the inorganic particles comprise porous particles or ceramic bubbles or glass bubbles, and the inorganic particles and the discontinuous fibers are dispersed in the metal. The metal matrix composite has a lower density than the metal and an acceptable yield strength.

Abstract: An improved method of coupling amino acids into peptides or peptidomimetics is disclosed in which the activation and coupling are carried out in the same vessel, in the presence of a carbodiimide in an amount greater than 1 equivalent as compared to the amino acid, in the presence of an activator additive, and at a temperature greater than 30° C.

Abstract: A glass composition comprising B2O3, Na2O, Al2O3, Li2O, TiO2, ZnO, Ta2O5, Nb2O3, BaO, ZrO2 and SiO2, and devoid of lead, bismuth, and vanadium. Pastes comprising the glass composition and devices including seals comprising such pastes are contemplated.

Abstract: This invention relates to glass and enamel compositions. The glass compositions include SiO2, Nb2O5, Na2O, B2O3, ZnO, Bi2O3, TiO2, MoO3, ZrO2, Y2O3, Al2O3, Li2O, and K2O. The glass compositions can be used to form an enamel on a substrate, for example, to decorate and/or protect the substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to glass and enamel compositions. The glass compositions include SiO2, Nb2O5, Na2O, B2O3, ZnO, Bi2O3, TiO2, MoO3, ZrO2, Y2O3, Al2O3, Li2O, and K2O. The glass compositions can be used to form an enamel on a substrate, for example, to decorate and/or protect the substrate.

Abstract: A glass composition comprising B2O3, Na2O, Al2O3, Li2O, TiO2, ZnO, Ta2O5, Nb2O3, BaO, ZrO2 and SiO2, and devoid of lead, bismuth, and vanadium. Pastes comprising the glass composition and devices including seals comprising such pastes are contemplated.

Abstract: This invention relates to glass and enamel compositions. The glass compositions comprise SiO2, Cs2O, Na2O, ZnO, B2O3, and TiO2, and optionally Bi2O3 and F. The resulting compositions can be used to form an enamel on a substrate, for example, to decorate and/or protect the substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to glass and enamel compositions. The glass compositions comprise SiO2, Cs2O, Na2O, ZnO, B2O3, and TiO2, and optionally Bi2O3 and F. The resulting compositions can be used to form an enamel on a substrate, for example, to decorate and/or protect the substrate.