Abstract: A technique for synchronizing a visual browser and a voice browser. A visual browser is used to navigate through visual content, such as WML pages. During the navigation, the visual browser creates a historical record of events that have occurred during the navigation. The voice browser uses this historical record to navigate the content in the same manner as occurred on the visual browser, thereby synchronizing to a state equivalent to that of the visual browser. The creation of the historical record may be performed by using a script to trap events, where the script contains code that records the trapped events. The synchronization technique may be used with a multi-modal application that permits the mode of input/output (I/O) to be changed between visual and voice browsers. When the mode is changed from visual to voice, the record of events captured by the visual browser is provided to the voice browser, thereby allowing the I/O mode to change seamlessly from visual to voice.

Abstract: Multi-modal applications are capable of interacting with a user in a voice mode, a visual mode, and/or other modes of communication. Mode swapping refers to the process of changing from one mode of communication (or one combination of modes) to another. Mode swapping may be initiated by a user, by an application, or by another entity. Mode swapping may be performed “adaptively,” in that an entity monitors the effectiveness of a communication mode and initiates a mode swap if communication is proceeding non-optimally in the current mode. Mode swapping may be performed by dropping a call to a telephone terminal in the currently-open mode and placing a call to that same device in another mode. In one embodiment, logic for mode swapping resides on a gateway proxy that mediates communication between an application and a telephone terminal.

Abstract: A technique for allowing an automated participant in a telephone conversation, such as an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system or a voice browser, to react to the placing of the conversation “on hold.” When a conversation between an automated participant and a human participant is placed on hold, a signal is provided to the automated participant indicating that the voice circuit between the two participants has been broken. In response to the signal, the automated participant may take appropriate action, such as suspending its participation in the conversation, extending the time for which it awaits a response from the human participant, continuing the conversation in a “visual” mode using the keypad and display on the human participant's handset, or some other appropriate action.

Abstract: A system and method for interacting with content, such as web-based markup content, using visual and voice browsers. A first browser facilitates communication in a first mode (e.g., an HTML browser that facilitates visual/tactile interaction with HTML content), and a second browser facilitates communication in a second mode (e.g., a VXML browser that facilitates audio interaction with VXML content). HTML and VXML content is created that: (1) indicates a correspondence between HTML and VXML pages that represent the same underlying content; and (2) contains specialized tags that indicate information to be send from one browser to the other to synchronize each browser to equivalent parts of the content. The HTML browser is adapted to use relative links as signals that information is to be sent to the VXML browser, and the platform on which the VXML browser runs is adapted to recognize a “hit” on its own port 80 as a signal that information is to be sent to the HTML browser.

Abstract: A technique for synchronizing a visual browser and a voice browser. A visual browser is used to navigate through visual content, such as WML pages. During the navigation, the visual browser creates a historical record of events that have occurred during the navigation. The voice browser uses this historical record to navigate the content in the same manner as occurred on the visual browser, thereby synchronizing to a state equivalent to that of the visual browser. The creation of the historical record may be performed by using a script to trap events, where the script contains code that records the trapped events. The synchronization technique may be used with a multi-modal application that permits the mode of input/output (I/O) to be changed between visual and voice browsers. When the mode is changed from visual to voice, the record of events captured by the visual browser is provided to the voice browser, thereby allowing the I/O mode to change seamlessly from visual to voice.

Abstract: The Translucent Proxying of TCP (TPOT) device and methods use TCP-OPTIONS and IP tunneling to guarantee that all IP packets belonging to a specific TCP connection will traverse the proxy which intercepts the first packet of data. This guarantee allows the ad-hoc deployment of TPOT devices anywhere within the communication network, and does not restrict the placement of proxy devices at the edge of the network. Furthermore, no extra signaling support is required for the TPOT device to properly function while the addition of TPOT devices to communication networks significantly improves the throughput of intercepted TCP packets of data.

Abstract: A technique for synchronizing a visual browser and a voice browser. A visual browser is used to navigate through visual content, such as WML pages. During the navigation, the visual browser creates a historical record of events that have occurred during the navigation. The voice browser uses this historical record to navigate the content in the same manner as occurred on the visual browser, thereby synchronizing to a state equivalent to that of the visual browser. The creation of the historical record may be performed by using a script to trap events, where the script contains code that records the trapped events. The synchronization technique may be used with a multi-modal application that permits the mode of input/output (I/O) to be changed between visual and voice browsers. When the mode is changed from visual to voice, the record of events captured by the visual browser is provided to the voice browser, thereby allowing the I/O mode to change seamlessly from visual to voice.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to mechanisms for content-aware redirection and content exchange/content discovery that permit a request for content to be redirected to a particular advantageous server that can serve the content.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed for disambiguating speech input for multimodal systems by using a combination of speech and visual I/O interfaces. When the user's speech input is not recognized with sufficiently high confidence, a the user is presented with a set of possible matches using a visual display and/or speech output. The user then selects the intended input from the list of matches via one or more available input mechanisms (e.g., stylus, buttons, keyboard, mouse, or speech input). These techniques involve the combined use of speech and visual interfaces to correctly identify user's speech input. The techniques disclosed herein may be utilized in computer devices such as PDAs, cellphones, desktop and laptop computers, tablet PCs, etc.

Abstract: A system and method for interacting with content, such as web-based markup content, using visual and voice browsers. A first browser facilitates communication in a first mode (e.g., an HTML browser that facilitates visual/tactile interaction with HTML content), and a second browser facilitates communication in a second mode (e.g., a VXML browser that facilitates audio interaction with VXML content). HTML and VXML content is created that: (1) indicates a correspondence between HTML and VXML pages that represent the same underlying content; and (2) contains specialized tags that indicate information to be send from one browser to the other to synchronize each browser to equivalent parts of the content. The HTML browser is adapted to use relative links as signals that information is to be sent to the VXML browser, and the platform on which the VXML browser runs is adapted to recognize a “hit” on its own port 80 as a signal that information is to be sent to the HTML browser.

Abstract: A technique for allowing an automated participant in a telephone conversation, such as an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system or a voice browser, to react to the placing of the conversation “on hold.” When a conversation between an automated participant and a human participant is placed on hold, a signal is provided to the automated participant indicating that the voice circuit between the two participants has been broken. In response to the signal, the automated participant may take appropriate action, such as suspending its participation in the conversation, extending the time for which it awaits a response from the human participant, continuing the conversation in a “visual” mode using the keypad and display on the human participant's handset, or some other appropriate action.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to mechanisms for content-aware redirection and content exchange/content discovery that permit a request for content to be redirected to a particular advantageous server that can serve the content.

Abstract: Multi-modal applications are capable of interacting with a user in a voice mode, a visual mode, and/or other modes of communication. Mode swapping refers to the process of changing from one mode of communication (or one combination of modes) to another. Mode swapping may be initiated by a user, by an application, or by another entity. Mode swapping may be performed “adaptively,” in that an entity monitors the effectiveness of a communication mode and initiates a mode swap if communication is proceeding non-optimally in the current mode. Mode swapping may be performed by dropping a call to a telephone terminal in the currently-open mode and placing a call to that same device in another mode. In one embodiment, logic for mode swapping resides on a gateway proxy that mediates communication between an application and a telephone terminal.

Abstract: A technique for synchronizing a visual browser and a voice browser. A visual browser is used to navigate through visual content, such as WML pages. During the navigation, the visual browser creates a historical record of events that have occurred during the navigation. The voice browser uses this historical record to navigate the content in the same manner as occurred-on the visual browser, thereby synchronizing to a state equivalent to that of the visual browser. The creation of the historical record may be performed by using a script to trap events, where the script contains code that records the trapped events. The synchronization technique may be used with a multi-modal application that permits the mode of input/output (I/O) to be changed between visual and voice browsers. When the mode is changed from visual to voice, the record of events captured by the visual browser is provided to the voice browser, thereby allowing the I/O mode to change seamlessly from visual to voice.

Abstract: A system for enabling multi-modal bookmarks comprises a bookmark repository coupled to two browsers. A user bookmarks content using a first browser, and a bookmark is stored in the bookmark repository. The user subsequently uses a second browser and requests that the bookmark be de-referenced to point the second browser to the bookmarked content. The second browser accesses the bookmark in the content repository and is directed to the bookmarked content. The first and second browsers may be visual and voice browsers that render Wireless Markup Language (WML) and Voice Extensible Markup Language (VXML) content, respectively, wherein a mapping is provided that links a given piece of visual content to an equivalent piece of voice content.

Abstract: The present invention provides an architecture that advantageously leverages multiple content distribution networks to provide enhanced services. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a share of content requests are served by each of a plurality of content distribution networks. The fraction of content requests served by a particular content distribution network can be determined dynamically, depending on the offered load or other traffic characteristics.

Abstract: A servlet-based architecture for dynamic service composition in which service configuration information is received through a communication network. A service template file, including service configuration request information, may be sent to a user and a service configuration response, including the service configuration information, may be received from the user through the communication network. Software components are dynamically selected and configured, based on the received service configuration information, to create a software-based service. The software-based service may then be executed on a server to provide the service for the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a dynamic service composition software architecture. A user requests a software based service through an agent software component, or “netlet,” which dynamically selects an appropriate service netlet. The service netlet then dynamically selects a plurality of component netlets, each of which can receive an event causing the component to perform a function or generate an event as a result of performing a function. The agent, service and component netlets can all be selected from a netlet repository in a network. The service netlet dynamically configures the selected component netlets by determining which components will send or receive events from which other components. As a result, the software based service is dynamically composed.

Abstract: We have realized that for a connection over a large data network, such as an Internet connection that couples a web access device to a terminal server connected to an applications server, delays associated with the process of downloading large data files over such a connection, occur primarily in the leg of the connection that couples the applications server to a terminal server while little congestion is typically observed in the leg of the connection that couples the Internet access device to the terminal server. The aforementioned delay is reduced by establishing a separate connection from the applications server to the Point Of Presence server outside or independently of the backbone of the large data network thereby allowing users to receive enhanced grade of service for file transfer operations.

Abstract: On the Internet (106), rather than retrieving a frequently requested Web object from its originating server (105) in response to a request from a client terminal (101, 102), the object rather can be retrieved from a cache (103) within the Internet Access Service Provider (IASP) (104), which connects the client terminal to the Internet. What is stored in the cache may, however, not be the most recent version of the object. Distinct from providing the Web object itself, information about changes to the object is provided by the server in response to a cache request that is asynchronous to a request from a client for the object. Such information about changes to an object includes the date and time when the object was last modified, the byte size of the modified object, and information on the type of content of the object. After receiving this information about changes to an object, the cache may then request that a copy of the object be downloaded to it.