Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting a region through a bandage. One embodiment of the invention is directed to a method, comprising acts of determining the transmissivity of at least a portion of a bandage to ultraviolet light, and selecting an intensity of ultraviolet light to be applied through at least a portion of the bandage. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of sterilizing or disinfecting a region underneath a bandage on a patient. A further embodiment of the invention is directed to an apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting a region of tissue of a patient. The apparatus comprises an ultraviolet light-emitting lamp and a bandage adapted to transmit at least some of the ultraviolet light emitted by the lamp. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a bandage, comprising an ultraviolet light-transmissive film, and a color-changing material coupled to the film to indicate an exposure of the film to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting a region through a bandage. One embodiment of the invention is directed to a method, comprising acts of determining the transmissivity of at least a portion of a bandage to ultraviolet light, and selecting an intensity of ultraviolet light to be applied through at least a portion of the bandage. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of sterilizing or disinfecting a region underneath a bandage on a patient. A further embodiment of the invention is directed to an apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting a region of tissue of a patient. The apparatus comprises an ultraviolet light-emitting lamp and a bandage adapted to transmit at least some of the ultraviolet light emitted by the lamp. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a bandage, comprising an ultraviolet light-transmissive film, and a color-changing material coupled to the film to indicate an exposure of the film to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting a region through a bandage. One embodiment of the invention is directed to a method, comprising acts of determining the transmissivity of at least a portion of a bandage to ultraviolet light, and selecting an intensity of ultraviolet light to be applied through at least a portion of the bandage. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of sterilizing or disinfecting a region underneath a bandage on a patient. A further embodiment of the invention is directed to an apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting a region of tissue of a patient. The apparatus comprises an ultraviolet light-emitting lamp and a bandage adapted to transmit at least some of the ultraviolet light emitted by the lamp. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a bandage, comprising an ultraviolet light-transmissive film, and a color-changing material coupled to the film to indicate an exposure of the film to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sterilizing or disinfecting using ultraviolet light. One embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for sterilizing or disinfecting at least a portion of an interior surface of a catheter, the interior surface being defined by a wall. The method comprises acts of identifying a stagnation zone in the catheter, and transmitting ultraviolet light through the wall at the stagnation zone. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to an ultraviolet light-transmissive catheter. The catheter comprises a wall defining an interior of the catheter, and a region of the wall adapted to transmit ultraviolet light.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is directed to a method including an act of applying ultraviolet light to a region of tissue on a patient and/or to a catheter inserted into the patient to sterilize or disinfect the region. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to an apparatus for performing the method. The apparatus comprises a housing and an ultraviolet light-emitting lamp disposed within the housing. The housing includes a light seal to substantially prevent light from traveling beyond the housing and the region of tissue during sterilization or disinfection. A further embodiment of the invention is directed to a device for use with a catheter and an ultraviolet light-emitting lamp. The device comprises a reflective surface adapted to be coupled to a catheter to direct light emitted by the ultraviolet light-emitting lamp to a portion of the catheter near an entrance site of the catheter.

Abstract: An improved indication of a condition of an ear of a subject, such as a human or other mammal, is provided by combining two or more measurements such as body temperature, detection of fluid in the ear (for example by acoustic reflectance), and/or a characteristic of any fluid in the ear. Results of any two of these measurements may be combined to provide improved diagnostic information. The combination of measured body temperature and a determined likelihood that fluid is present in the ear provides improved diagnostic information regarding the risk of an ear infection. In particular, if a subject has an elevated body temperature and the likelihood is high that fluid is present in the ear, an indication of a risk of ear infection may be provided by the device. The presence of fluid may be detected using acoustic reflectometry, tympanometry, pneumatic otoscopy, otoacoustic emissions or other mechanism.

Abstract: A device provides an indication of a condition of an ear by combining measurements of temperature in the ear, acoustic reflectance of the ear, and/or a characteristic of any fluid in the ear. Any two of these measurements may be combined in the same device to provide improved diagnostic information. For example, chemical sensing of fluid may be combined with acoustic reflectometry or temperature sensing, or both, to provide improved diagnosis of ear pathologies. Acoustic reflectometry also may be combined with temperature sensing. Chemical sensing determines a characteristic of the fluid, such as whether a bacterium or a virus is present. The device may provide diagnostic information from sensed characteristics of the fluid, measured acoustic reflectance and/or measured temperature to indicate the risk of an ear infection. For example, the device may determine if any fluid present is infected. The device also may identify bacteria in the fluid.

Abstract: A radiation thermometer and acoustic reflectometer are combined in the same device. The combined instrumentation can be used to improve alignment between a device and the tympanic membrane, thus improving the accuracy of measurements. In addition, the device can provide diagnostic information based on both the measured temperature and the determined likelihood that fluid is present in the middle of the ear, to indicate the risk of an ear infection. The medical instrument analyzes an ear of a subject, using an acoustic reflectometer and a radiation thermometer. The acoustic reflectometer includes an acoustic transducer for generating acoustic waves at a plurality of frequencies and a microphone for receiving an acoustic signal corresponding to acoustic signals reflected from the ear to provide an output signal. The radiation sensor detects thermal radiation from the ear and provides a signal indicative thereof.