Abstract: The transport of Quality-of Service (QoS) sensitive information over domains operated by different service providers may be assured using architectures that include separate forwarding and control planes.

Abstract: Information can be transported over domains operated by different service providers at required Quality-of-Service (QoS) levels without disclosing inter- and/or intra-domain information to ensure that the topology of a given service provider's domain (e.g., network) is not disclosed.

Abstract: A base station controller (BSC) of a radio or wireless telecommunications network base station includes a director. A BSC includes multiple central processing units (CPUs), with each CPU running a call-processing application for one or more connections. The director is a logical entity that intercepts wireless call-setup signaling and assigns each corresponding connection to a CPU according to a centralized load-balancing algorithm. The centralized load-balancing algorithm distributes connections to less loaded CPUs to i) prevent individual CPUs from overloading, ii) utilize otherwise unused system resources, and iii) increase overall system performance. The director hosts cell components that manage code division multiple access (CDMA) downlink spreading codes for a base station, providing centralized allocation of spreading codes by the base station.