Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device including a storage space, and a controller that is configured to divide and manage the storage space of the nonvolatile memory device into a user area and a meta area and to provide access to the user area to a host device. Responsive to receiving Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) spare information from the host device, the controller is further configure to select a RAID spare area from the user area based on the RAID spare information and to use at least a portion of the RAID spare area as an over provision area.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device including a storage space, and a controller that is configured to divide and manage the storage space of the nonvolatile memory device into a user area and a meta area and to provide access to the user area to a host device. Responsive to receiving Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) spare information from the host device, the controller is further configure to select a RAID spare area from the user area based on the RAID spare information and to use at least a portion of the RAID spare area as an over provision area.

Abstract: A storage device includes at least one nonvolatile memory device; and a memory controller configured to control the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the memory controller includes, at least one processor configured to control an overall operation of the memory controller; a buffer memory configured to store input/output data according to a control of the processor when an input/output request from an external device occurs; an error correction circuit configured to detect and correct an error of the input/output data; a garbage collector configured to selectively generate a first global garbage collection command in response to the input/output request and configured to perform a global garbage collection according to a second global garbage collection command received from the external device; and a storage interface configured to transmit the first global garbage collection command to another storage device.

Abstract: A redundant storage device includes a first port, a second port different from the first port, a first storage device connected to the first port, and a second storage device connected to the second port. The first storage device changes an operation mode of the second storage device from a standby mode to an active mode using an internal communication.

Abstract: A computing system includes a storage device and a processor. The storage device includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices, and stores user data and latency information in the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices. The processor receives the latency information from the storage device, determines a polling delay time based on the latency information, transmits a storage device command to the storage device, and initiates polling that checks a state of the storage device, after expiration of the polling delay time, as determined from a time when the storage device command was transmitted.

Abstract: A input/output method is disclosed for performing communications in a virtual machine (VM) environment between a host operating system (OS) and a guest OS. The input/output method includes performing request polling (RP) on an input/output event generated by a guest OS which is driven by a virtual machine (VM), sending an input/output request to a host OS, on which the VM runs. The input/output method further includes performing response waiting polling (RWP) on an input/output completion message generated by the host OS when the input/output event is detected through the RP, and sending an input/output response to the guest OS when the input/output completion message is detected through the RWP. In the method, the RP and the RWP are performed by multiple threads executed on the VM.

Abstract: A redundant storage device includes a first port, a second port different from the first port, a first storage device connected to the first port, and a second storage device connected to the second port. The first storage device changes an operation mode of the second storage device from a standby mode to an active mode using an internal communication.

Abstract: A memory controller, a storage device (SD), a server virtualization system, and an SD recognizing method performed in the server virtualization system are provided. The memory controller includes a processor configured to generate a plurality of different pieces of identify device (ID) data in response to an identify device command received from a host so that the host recognizes a single physical SD as a plurality of physical storage devices (SDs), and a host interface which transmits the generated plurality of pieces of identify device data to the host.

Abstract: A storage device includes at least one nonvolatile memory device; and a memory controller configured to control the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the memory controller includes, at least one processor configured to control an overall operation of the memory controller; a buffer memory configured to store input/output data according to a control of the processor when an input/output request from an external device occurs; an error correction circuit configured to detect and correct an error of the input/output data; a garbage collector configured to selectively generate a first global garbage collection command in response to the input/output request and configured to perform a global garbage collection according to a second global garbage collection command received from the external device; and a storage interface configured to transmit the first global garbage collection command to another storage device.

Abstract: A storage device includes at least one nonvolatile memory device; and a memory controller configured to control the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the memory controller includes, at least one processor configured to control an overall operation of the memory controller; a buffer memory configured to store input/output data according to a control of the processor when an input/output request from an external device occurs; an error correction circuit configured to detect and correct an error of the input/output data; a garbage collector configured to selectively generate a first global garbage collection command in response to the input/output request and configured to perform a global garbage collection according to a second global garbage collection command received from the external device; and a storage interface configured to transmit the first global garbage collection command to another storage device.

Abstract: A input/output method is disclosed for performing communications in a virtual machine (VM) environment between a host operating system (OS) and a guest OS. The input/output method includes performing request polling (RP) on an input/output event generated by a guest OS which is driven by a virtual machine (VM), sending an input/output request to a host OS, on which the VM runs. The input/output method further includes performing response waiting polling (RWP) on an input/output completion message generated by the host OS when the input/output event is detected through the RP, and sending an input/output response to the guest OS when the input/output completion message is detected through the RWP. In the method, the RP and the RWP are performed by multiple threads executed on the VM.

Abstract: A memory controller, a storage device (SD), a server virtualization system, and an SD recognizing method performed in the server virtualization system are provided. The memory controller includes a processor configured to generate a plurality of different pieces of identify device (ID) data in response to an identify device command received from a host so that the host recognizes a single physical SD as a plurality of physical storage devices (SDs), and a host interface which transmits the generated plurality of pieces of identify device data to the host.

Abstract: A method of operating a data storage device can be provided by receiving first power and second power at a data storage device, that includes a semiconductor memory, upon powering on of the data storage device or hot-plugging of the data storage device. The first power can be applied to the data storage device and the second power can be applied after a delay to an auxiliary power supply included in the data storage device based on when an inrush current, generated from applying the first power, occurred. Related devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A storage device includes at least one nonvolatile memory device; and a memory controller configured to control the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the memory controller includes, at least one processor configured to control an overall operation of the memory controller; a buffer memory configured to store input/output data according to a control of the processor when an input/output request from an external device occurs; an error correction circuit configured to detect and correct an error of the input/output data; a garbage collector configured to selectively generate a first global garbage collection command in response to the input/output request and configured to perform a global garbage collection according to a second global garbage collection command received from the external device; and a storage interface configured to transmit the first global garbage collection command to another storage device.

Abstract: A method of operating a data storage device can be provided by receiving first power and second power at a data storage device, that includes a semiconductor memory, upon powering on of the data storage device or hot-plugging of the data storage device. The first power can be applied to the data storage device and the second power can be applied after a delay to an auxiliary power supply included in the data storage device based on when an inrush current, generated from applying the first power, occurred. Related devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical module for a photographing device includes a fixed lens group member arranged along a first optical axis direction that faces an object, a reflection member arranged in the rear of the fixed lens group member and outputting an image light in a second optical axis direction perpendicular to the first optical axis direction by reflecting incident image light. The optical module further includes first and second lens groups and a zoom motor for providing power to change a distance between the first and second lens group members. Thus, the optical module has an efficiently configured structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of a zoom lens barrel assembly for an imaging apparatus are provided. The zoom lens barrel has a simple structure and allows efficient space utilization in order to realize a compact size, which is currently required for a mobile imaging apparatus. The zoom lens barrel assembly can stably endure external impacts, provide more precise zoom operations, and stably operate for a long time without a malfunction of a zoom motor, which acts as a drive source. The zoom lens barrel assembly can increase the rotation gain of a driving source and improve space utilization inside a basic skeletal structure of a frame by modifying the structure of a gear train, which cooperatively connects the driving source and a rotary cam member.

Abstract: Embodiments of a zoom lens barrel assembly for an imaging apparatus are provided. The zoom lens barrel has a simple structure and allows efficient space utilization in order to realize a compact size, which is currently required for a mobile imaging apparatus. The zoom lens barrel assembly can stably endure external impacts, provide more precise zoom operations, and stably operate for a long time without a malfunction of a zoom motor, which acts as a drive source. The zoom lens barrel assembly can increase the rotation gain of a driving source and improve space utilization inside a basic skeletal structure of a frame by modifying the structure of a gear train, which cooperatively connects the driving source and a rotary cam member.

Abstract: An optical module for a photographing device includes a fixed lens group member arranged along a first optical axis direction that faces an object, a reflection member arranged in the rear of the fixed lens group member and outputting an image light in a second optical axis direction perpendicular to the first optical axis direction by reflecting incident image light. The optical module further includes first and second lens groups and a zoom motor for providing power to change a distance between the first and second lens group members. Thus, the optical module has an efficiently configured structure.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens barrel including a plurality of lens groups, each having at least one lens arranged in an optical axis direction, an actuating mechanism capable of moving the lens groups in an optical axis direction, and a shutter unit including an opening portion for exposure, a blade capable of adjusting the degree of opening of the opening portion, and an electronic actuating apparatus capable of actuating the blade to adjust the degree of opening of the opening portion according to the distance between the shutter unit and one of the lens groups adjacent to the shutter unit when the distance is shorter than a predetermined distance.