Abstract: Disclosed are a cloned pig expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a cloned pig having a 1,3-galactosyltransferase (GT) gene knocked out. Also, the present invention discloses methods of producing such cloned pigs, comprising the steps of establishing a somatic cell line; preparing a GFP-transfected or GT gene knock-out nuclear donor cell; producing a transgenic nuclear transfer embryo using the nuclear donor cell and a recipient oocyte; and transplanting the transgenic nuclear transfer embryo into a surrogate mother pig. The cloned pig expressing GFP of the present invention is useful for large-scale production of an animal disease model, and the GT gene knock-out cloned pig can be used as a organ donor allowing xenotransplantation in humans without hyperacute immune rejection.

Abstract: A system including software is provided for assessing the consequences of failure, likelihood of failure, and overall risk associated with software to be developed by a software development project, and for assessing the efficacy of potential investments in software verification and validation activities. The system bases the assessment of risk on user input as to the consequences of failure, and the characteristics of the software development team. The efficacy of investments in verification and validation is based on a model of the costs of propagation of errors between phases of a software development project, the scope of investments, the maturity of the software development organization, and other factors.