Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a wiring portion including one or more insulating layers, one or more wiring layers respectively disposed on or in the one or more insulating layers, a first pad disposed on a lowermost insulating layer, of the one or more insulating layers, and a second pad disposed on an uppermost insulating layer, of the one or more insulating layers, a first solder resist layer disposed on a lower side of the wiring portion to cover at least a portion of the first pad, the first solder resist layer having a first opening, on the first pad, a second solder resist layer disposed on an upper side of the wiring portion to cover at least a portion of the second pad, a first surface treatment layer disposed on at least a portion of the first pad, and a barrier layer disposed on the first solder resist layer.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes: a first insulating layer; a first wiring layer embedded in the first insulating layer on one side thereof; a glass layer disposed on the other side, opposite to the one side of the first insulating layer; a second wiring layer disposed on the glass layer; and a first via layer connecting the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer to each other, and including a first via portion penetrating the glass layer and a second via portion penetrating the first insulating layer. In a cross-sectional view of the printed circuit board, at least one of the first via portion and the second via portion has a width becoming substantially narrower toward the first wiring layer.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an insulating layer, a circuit pattern on the insulating layer, and a surface treatment layer on the circuit pattern. The surface treatment layer includes a bottom surface having a width wider than a width of a top surface of the circuit pattern.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a printed circuit board, including: a plurality of insulating layers having a through-portion; a plurality of wiring layers respectively disposed on or in the plurality of insulating layers; a plurality of via layers respectively penetrating through at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of insulating layers and respectively connected to at least one of the plurality of wiring layers; an electronic component at least partially disposed in the through-portion, and embedded in at least one of the plurality of insulating layers; and an insulating film disposed in the plurality of insulating layers, and covering at least a portion of a side surface of the electronic component and at least a portion of a wall surface of the through-portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pH sensitive particle, a method of preparation thereof, and a use thereof. More particularly, the invention provides a pH sensitive metal nanoparticle and its use for medical treatment utilizing cell necrosis during photothermal therapy. The pH sensitive metal nanoparticle based on this invention consists of a pH sensitive ligand compound whose charge changes depending on the pH of the metal nanoparticle. The particle can be collected in cells, such as cancer cells which present an abnormal pH environment. The pH sensitive metal nanoparticle based on this invention can induce cell death through a photothermal procedure after aggregation. Therefore, the invention enables medical treatment using cell necrosis for e.g. cancer treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pH sensitive particle, a method of preparation thereof, and a use thereof. More particularly, the invention provides a pH sensitive metal nanoparticle and its use for medical treatment utilizing cell necrosis during photothermal therapy. The pH sensitive metal nanoparticle based on this invention consists of a pH sensitive ligand compound whose charge changes depending on the pH of the metal nanoparticle. The particle can be collected in cells, such as cancer cells which present an abnormal pH environment. The pH sensitive metal nanoparticle based on this invention can induce cell death through a photothermal procedure after aggregation. Therefore, the invention enables medical treatment using cell necrosis for e.g. cancer treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation having a bubble circulation structure, which allows gas flowing into a cultivation space to generate a vortex and thus circulate microalgae, thereby improving cultivation efficiency of the microalgae. A photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cultivation panel major body having the cultivation space into which the microalgae are injected to be cultivated; a gas supply pipe provided at a lower portion of the cultivation panel major body to pass through the cultivation space in a transverse direction and thus discharge inflow gas; and at least one vortex forming partition extending in a transverse direction from an internal wall of the cultivation panel major body and formed to have an arc shape and thus cause a vortex to an ascending current of gas supplied through the gas supply pipe.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen peroxide sensitive metal nanoparticle including: a metal nanoparticle including a biocompatible metal and a hydrogen peroxide reactive ion which is bonded to a surface of the metal nanoparticle and is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation having a bubble circulation structure, which allows gas flowing into a cultivation space to generate a vortex and thus circulate microalgae, thereby improving cultivation efficiency of the microalgae. A photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cultivation panel major body having the cultivation space into which the microalgae are injected to be cultivated; a gas supply pipe provided at a lower portion of the cultivation panel major body to pass through the cultivation space in a transverse direction and thus discharge inflow gas; and at least one vortex forming partition extending in a transverse direction from an internal wall of the cultivation panel major body and formed to have an arc shape and thus cause a vortex to an ascending current of gas supplied through the gas supply pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mass-production method of a real spin golf ball. The mass-production method includes (a) preparing a plurality of golf balls securely mounted in a frame and installed at a level state in a water tub, (b) filling salt water having specific gravity higher than specific gravity of water in the water tub until the golf balls are separated from the frame to float, (c) discharging the salt water filled in the water tub in a state that the floating golf balls are stopped such that the golf balls are not shaken, and securely mounting the golf balls in the frame, and (d) marking putting lines passing through upper centers of the golf balls, thereby ensuring real straightness in putting, so that the putting is exactly performed.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen peroxide sensitive metal nanoparticle including: a metal nanoparticle including a biocompatible metal and a hydrogen peroxide reactive ion which is bonded to a surface of the metal nanoparticle and is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pH sensitive particle, a method of preparation thereof, and a use thereof. More particularly, the invention provides a pH sensitive metal nanoparticle and its use for medical treatment utilizing cell necrosis during photothermal therapy. The pH sensitive metal nanoparticle based on this invention consists of a pH sensitive ligand compound whose charge changes depending on the pH of the metal nanoparticle. The particle can be collected in cells, such as cancer cells which present an abnormal pH environment. The pH sensitive metal nanoparticle based on this invention can induce cell death through a photothermal procedure after aggregation. Therefore, the invention enables medical treatment using cell necrosis for e.g. cancer treatment.