Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, first and second supporter patterns stacked sequentially on the substrate in a first direction and spaced apart from an upper surface of the substrate, a lower electrode hole that extends through the first and second supporter patterns on the substrate in the first direction, an interface film on side walls and a bottom surface of the lower electrode hole, a lower electrode inside of the lower electrode hole on the interface film, a capacitor dielectric film that is in physical contact with side walls of the interface film, an uppermost surface of the interface film, and an uppermost surface of the lower electrode, the uppermost surface of the interface film is formed on a same plane as an upper surface of the second supporter pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, first and second supporter patterns stacked sequentially on the substrate in a first direction and spaced apart from an upper surface of the substrate, a lower electrode hole that extends through the first and second supporter patterns on the substrate in the first direction, an interface film on side walls and a bottom surface of the lower electrode hole, a lower electrode inside of the lower electrode hole on the interface film, a capacitor dielectric film that is in physical contact with side walls of the interface film, an uppermost surface of the interface film, and an uppermost surface of the lower electrode, the uppermost surface of the interface film is formed on a same plane as an upper surface of the second supporter pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a plurality of non-sheet-shaped graphite particles, at least one silicon-based particle in a void formed by assembling the non-sheet-shaped graphite particles, and a sheet-shaped graphite powder between the non-sheet-shaped graphite particles, the void, or both thereof, wherein a size of the silicon particle is smaller than a length of the longest axis of the sheet-shaped graphite powder.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery including a silicon-based material including SiOx particles, where 0<x<2, and a Si—Fe—containing alloy positioned on the surface of the SiOx(0<x<2) particles, a method of preparing the same, and a negative electrode and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a plurality of non-sheet-shaped graphite particles, at least one silicon-based particle in a void formed by assembling the non-sheet-shaped graphite particles, and a sheet-shaped graphite powder between the non-sheet-shaped graphite particles, the void, or both thereof, wherein a size of the silicon particle is smaller than a length of the longest axis of the sheet-shaped graphite powder.

Abstract: A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are provided, and the negative active material includes a Si-based alloy; a first graphite material; and a second graphite material having a different average particle diameter from the first graphite material.

Abstract: A method of recycling a solution, the method including: filtering a solution used in chemical bath deposition; reinflowing the filtered solution to a bath; and inflowing an alkali solution to the bath to maintain a concentration of an alkaline material in the filtered solution in a range of about 1.0 M to about 3.5 M, is disclosed. A solar cell formed by the method and a deposition apparatus are also disclosed. By the method of recycling a solution, a solar cell including a buffer layer formed with a solution which has been used multiple times may be formed to have an efficiency almost the same as that of a solar cell including a buffer layer formed with a solution provided for the first time before filtering.

Abstract: Disclosed are a negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery including a silicon-based material including SiOx particles, where 0<x<2, and a Si—Fe-containing alloy positioned on the surface of the SiOx (0<x<2) particles, a method of preparing the same, and a negative electrode and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a buffer layer for a thin film solar cell includes preparing a reaction solution including an ammonia compound, a zinc source, and a sulfur source at a temperature below 70° C.; and immersing a substrate on which an optical absorption layer is formed in the reaction solution. The concentration of the zinc source in the reaction solution is in the range of about 0.01M to about 0.09M.

Abstract: A deposition apparatus and a method for recycling a solution. The deposition apparatus includes a bath in which a solution used in a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method is filled, a tank in which the solution used in the CBD method is temporarily stored, and a filter unit for filtering the solution stored in the tank to be reused in the CBD method again. Thus, when a buffer layer is formed by the CBD method, the number of times of reusing the solution for forming the buffer layer may be increased.

Abstract: A solar cell including a light absorption layer including a p-type compound semiconductor; and a buffer layer including a first buffer layer and a second buffer layer on the light absorption layer, the second buffer layer being between the first buffer layer and light absorption layer, and a zinc sulfide (ZnS) concentration of the first buffer layer being greater than a ZnS concentration of the second buffer layer is disclosed. Methods of manufacturing the solar cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: A field emission panel includes: a first glass plate which comprises a phosphor layer, a second glass plate which is disposed in parallel to the first glass plate and comprises a plurality of electron emission elements; and a sealing member which is interposed between the first and the second glass plates to seal a space between the first and the second glass plates, wherein a part of the sealing member is hidden inside the first and the second glass plates and the other part of the sealing member is exposed to outsides of the first and the second glass plates.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) comprises: a front substrate and a rear substrate which face each other; and a barrier wall which is interposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate, which includes base portions arranged on either side of a main discharge space, and protruding portions protruding on the base portions, respectively, and which defines stepped spaces on either side of the main discharge space. The stepped spaces are formed according to stepped surfaces formed by the base portions and the protruding portions. The PDP further comprises a pair of a scan electrode and a sustain electrode which generate a mutual discharge through the main discharge space. A channel space is defined by outer walls of the protruding portions on either side of the main discharge space, and an external light absorbing layer covers the channel space.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device configured to contain an electrolyte is disclosed. In one embodiment, the device includes first and second substrates facing each other, wherein first and second electrodes are formed on the first and second substrates, respectively, and an electrolyte inlet formed to pass through at least one of the first and second substrates. The device may further include a sealing member formed on an external surface of the first substrate to cover an entrance of the electrolyte inlet, wherein the sealing member comprises i) an inner area which is located substantially directly above the entrance of the electrolyte inlet and ii) at least one energy application area onto which energy is directly or indirectly applied, and wherein the energy application area extends outwardly from the inner area so as not to overlap with the entrance of the electrolyte inlet.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) and a method of manufacturing the same with improved luminous efficiency. The PDP includes: a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a plurality of sustain electrode pairs between the first substrate and the second substrate and extending in a first direction; a plurality of address electrodes on the second substrate and extending in a second direction crossing the first direction; a first dielectric layer on the second substrate for covering the address electrodes; a discharge enhancement layer on the first dielectric layer; a plurality of barrier ribs on the discharge enhancement layer and defining discharge cells between the first and second substrates; and phosphor layers in the discharge cells, wherein the discharge enhancement layer has an opening in each of the discharge cells, and wherein the barrier ribs have a roughness less than that of the discharge enhancement layer.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) including: first and second opposing substrates; a discharge layer disposed between the substrates, having discharge cells; address electrodes disposed on the first substrate, extending in a first direction, across the discharge cells; and display electrodes disposed on the second substrate, extending across the discharge cells in a second direction. The discharge layer includes: a discharge enhancement layer disposed on the first substrate, having first spaces; and a barrier rib layer disposed on the discharge enhancement layer, having second spaces that are connected to the first spaces, so as to form the discharge cells. The discharge enhancement layer further includes a perimeter member disposed in a dummy area provided at the edges of an effective area of the PDP.

Abstract: A field emission panel includes: a first glass plate which comprises a phosphor layer, a second glass plate which is disposed in parallel to the first glass plate and comprises a plurality of electron emission elements; and a sealing member which is interposed between the first and the second glass plates to seal a space between the first and the second glass plates, wherein a part of the sealing member is hidden inside the first and the second glass plates and the other part of the sealing member is exposed to outsides of the first and the second glass plates.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel has discharge cells which each have a range of widths between the first substrate and the second substrate. In addition, the discharge spaces are separated by non-discharge spaces having heights which are less than the heights of the discharge spaces.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed. The plasma display panel has discharge cells which each have a range of widths between the first substrate and the second substrate. In addition, the discharge spaces are separated by non-discharge spaces having heights substantially the same as the heights of the discharge spaces.

Abstract: A plasma display panel (PDP) includes: a front substrate facing a rear substrate; first and second discharge enhancement layers disposed between the front and rear substrates and arranged on both sides of a main discharge space; first and second barrier ribs respectively formed on the first and second discharge enhancement layers and defining first and second asymmetric stepped spaces along with the first and second discharge enhancement layers; a scan electrode and a common electrode inducing a mutual discharge in the main discharge space; an address electrode generating an address discharge along with the scan electrode and extending in a direction to intersect the scan electrode; a phosphor layer formed in at least the main discharge space; and a discharge gas filled in the main discharge space and the first and second stepped spaces. Accordingly, the PDP having high efficiency may operate with low power and obtain high luminous brightness.