Abstract: A circuit board according to an embodiment includes a first insulating layer; a first circuit pattern layer disposed on the first insulating layer and including a first pad; a second circuit pattern layer disposed on a lower surface of the first insulating layer; and a first electrode part disposed in the first insulating layer and vertically overlapping the first pad, wherein a lower surface of the first electrode part is located higher than an upper surface of the second circuit pattern layer, and wherein the first pad includes a first concave portion formed in a region that vertically overlaps the first electrode part.

Abstract: A plasma process monitoring apparatus using terahertz waves is provided. A plasma process monitoring apparatus using terahertz waves may comprise: a first monitoring module disposed in a direction parallel to the width direction of a wafer on the outside of a plasma chamber in which the wafer is introduced and monitoring plasma formed inside the plasma chamber during a plasma process for forming a film on the wafer by using terahertz waves; and a second monitoring module disposed outside the plasma chamber in the thickness direction of the wafer so as to face the wafer and monitoring the wafer on which a film is formed on a surface through the plasma process by using the terahertz waves.

Abstract: A circuit board according to an embodiment includes an insulating layer; a circuit pattern layer including a first metal layer disposed on the insulating layer; a protective layer disposed on the insulating layer, vertically overlapping the first metal layer, and including a recess portion having a step in a horizontal direction; and a second metal layer disposed in the recess portion of the protective layer, wherein the recess portion includes a portion having a width greater than a width of the first metal layer, and wherein the second metal layer is disposed in the portion of the recess portion with a width greater than the width of the first metal layer.

Abstract: A plasma process monitoring apparatus using terahertz waves is provided. A plasma process monitoring apparatus using terahertz waves may comprise: a first monitoring module disposed in a direction parallel to the width direction of a wafer on the outside of a plasma chamber in which the wafer is introduced and monitoring plasma formed inside the plasma chamber during a plasma process for forming a film on the wafer by using terahertz waves; and a second monitoring module disposed outside the plasma chamber in the thickness direction of the wafer so as to face the wafer and monitoring the wafer on which a film is formed on a surface through the plasma process by using the terahertz waves.

Abstract: Provided is a thermoelectric element assembly including a soft support including a plurality of through-holes, and a plurality of p-type thermoelectric elements and a plurality of n-type thermoelectric elements inserted into a plurality of through-holes of the support, wherein a thickness of the support is less than a length of the thermoelectric element.

Abstract: Provided is a thermoelectric element assembly including a soft support including a plurality of through-holes, and a plurality of p-type thermoelectric elements and a plurality of n-type thermoelectric elements inserted into a plurality of through-holes of the support, wherein a thickness of the support is less than a length of the thermoelectric element.

Abstract: A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first substrate to which external light is applied; a first and a second control electrode disposed on the first substrate, the second control electrode being spaced apart from the first control electrode; an insulating film disposed on the first and the second control electrode; a first and a second contact electrode formed on the insulation film, wherein the first contact electrode at least partially overlaps the first control electrode, and the second contact electrode is spaced apart from the first contact electrode and at least partially overlaps the second control electrode; a shuttering operation body moving between the first and the second contact electrode so as to transmit or block light; a second substrate opposite to the first substrate; and a quantum dot film disposed on the first or the second substrate and adjusting the wavelength of light passing through the shuttering operation body.

Abstract: A display device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first substrate to which external light is applied; a first and a second control electrode disposed on the first substrate, the second control electrode being spaced apart from the first control electrode; an insulating film disposed on the first and the second control electrode; a first and a second contact electrode formed on the insulation film, wherein the first contact electrode at least partially overlaps the first control electrode, and the second contact electrode is spaced apart from the first contact electrode and at least partially overlaps the second control electrode; a shuttering operation body moving between the first and the second contact electrode so as to transmit or block light; a second substrate opposite to the first substrate; and a quantum dot film disposed on the first or the second substrate and adjusting the wavelength of light passing through the shuttering operation body.

Abstract: A display module for a multi-display device includes an array substrate, connectors disposed on the array substrate and configured to transmit signals for driving the array substrate, a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to the connectors and configured to transmit signals to the connectors, and connecting members that extend through the array substrate and configured to electrically connect the connectors and the PCB.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a base substrate, a hydrophobic layer disposed on the base substrate and including at least about 49 atomic percent (at %) of fluorine atoms in a surface thereof, a wall disposed on the base substrate which partitions a pixel area, and an electrowetting layer that includes a first fluid and a second fluid, which are disposed in the pixel area and are immiscible with each other. The second fluid has an electrical conductivity or a polarity. The electrowetting display device further includes an electronic device is configured to apply an electric field to the electrowetting layer to control the electrowetting layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel (LCD) may include: a flexible liquid crystal panel; and a housing unit for housing the liquid crystal panel. The housing unit may have an integrated structure which includes a bottom surface, a side surface connected from the bottom surface, and a top fixing end connected from the side surface, the liquid crystal panel may be housed between the bottom surface and the top fixing end, and the housing unit may be formed of a flexible soft material.

Abstract: A transflective display apparatus includes a first electrode and a second electrode, which face each other and are separated from one another by a pixel electrode. In addition, a preparation voltage is applied to the first electrode or the second electrode before applying a driving voltage to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including: a substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor; a lower insulating layer facing the pixel electrode; and a touch sensor disposed on the lower insulating layer, the touch sensor including a first transparent conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer. A plurality of microcavities is formed between the pixel electrode and the lower insulating layer. The microcavities form a liquid crystal layer including a liquid crystal material, the lower insulating layer has a matrix shape including a horizontal portion and a vertical portion, and the second transparent conductive layer overlaps the vertical portion of the lower insulating layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a magnetic sensor using a spin transfer torque device, including a spin transfer torque device configured such that the magnetization direction thereof is varied by current, a bipolar pulse source configured to apply bipolar pulses to the spin transfer torque device in order to control the coercive field and sensitivity of the spin transfer torque device, and a signal processing unit configured to calculate magnetic susceptibility or magnetic resistance by counting the parallel (P) or anti-parallel (AP) states of the spin transfer torque device in response to the applied bipolar pulses.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a lower substrate; an upper substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the lower substrate; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor; an electronic ink layer positioned between the lower substrate and the upper substrate; a plurality of partitions disposed on the upper substrate; a reflecting layer disposed on the partitions; a color filter disposed between the partitions.

Abstract: A method of fabricating black matrices of a color filter. The method includes forming a light-shielding layer of an organic material, which is repulsive to ink, on a transparent substrate, forming the black matrices by patterning the light-shielding layer, and hard-baking the black matrices to maintain a plurality of pores which are formed in the black matrices in the forming of the light-shielding layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention includes a first panel including a first lower substrate, a first lower electrode formed on the first lower substrate, a first upper substrate facing the first lower substrate, a first upper electrode formed on the first upper substrate, and a first cholesteric liquid crystal injected between the first lower electrode and the first upper electrode, wherein the first lower electrode includes carbon nanotubes. The liquid crystal display including the first lower electrode made of the carbon nanotubes without a light absorption layer provides a simple structure capable of realizing a black state.

Abstract: A method of improving the viewing angle of a vertically-aligned liquid crystal display device is presented. The method involves designing a uniaxial compensation film to provide a retardation value of 200 nm or less for light having a wavelength of about 550 nm. Using this uniaxial compensation film, a display device can be built by obtaining a liquid crystal panel with liquid crystal molecules contained between glass substrates, coupling the uniaxial compensation film to at least one of the glass substrates, and coupling a polarization film and electrodes to the compensation film. Preferably, the uniaxial compensation film has a thickness less than or equal to 50 microns. Where there are multiple compensation films, the total thickness and the total retardation values should be considered.

Abstract: A biodegradable biaxially oriented laminated film of the present invention comprising at least one first resin layer and at least one second resin layer which are alternately laminated together, the first and second resin layers containing as major components a polylactic acid-based polymer and an aromatic polyester-based resin, respectively, exhibits improved biodegradability, flexibility, gas-barrier property and heat-resistance, which is useful for environmentally friendly packaging.

Abstract: A multilayered aliphatic polyester film of the present invention comprising a first resin layer and a second resin layer laminated on one or both sides of the first resin layer, the first resin layer containing a polylactic-based polymer comprising L-lactic acid in an amount ranging from 50 to 100% by weight, and the second resin layer containing a polylactic-based polymer comprising D-lactic acid in an amount ranging from 5 to 20% by weight, can be easily peeled off by pulling with hands, and has improved heat adhesiveness, heat resistance, transparency, impact resistance, perforation resistance and dimensional stability. Accordingly, it is useful for packaging materials, especially as a disposable film lid for plastic containers.