Abstract: Various aspects include electric generators configured to boost electrical output by leveraging electron avalanche generated by a high energy photon radiation source. In various aspects, an electric generator includes a stator and a rotor positioned within the stator, wherein the stator and rotor are configured to generate electric current when the rotor is rotated, and a high energy photon source (e.g., a gamma ray source) positioned and configured to irradiate at least a portion of conductors in the rotor or stator. In some aspects, the stator generates a magnetic field when the electric generator is operating, and the rotor includes armature windings configured to generate electric current when the rotor is rotated. In some aspects, the high energy photon source includes cobalt-60 and/or cesium-137.

Abstract: A metal junction thermoelectric device includes at least one thermoelectric element. The thermoelectric element has first and second opposite sides, and a first conductor made from a first metal, and a second conductor made from a second metal. The first and second conductors are electrically interconnected in series, and the first and second conductors are arranged to conduct heat in parallel between the first and second sides. The first metal has a first occupancy state, and the second metal has a second occupancy state that is lower than the first occupancy state. A temperature difference between the first and second sides of the thermoelectric element causes a charge potential due to the difference in occupancy states of the first and second metals. The charge potential generates electrical power.

Abstract: An alarm apparatus attached to an electronic device, activated by unplugging AC power cord of the apparatus device from a power outlet, irrespective to the states of the main switch and the device switch. If the power cord is unplugged from the outlet, it disconnects DC continuity component from the alarm circuit, breaks a voltage divider circuit, changes the voltage level high, and activates the alarm system. The DC continuity component could be either an external component, the power transformer winding, or a device power input DC impedance. Which element is utilized is determined by the position of the main switch and the device switch. The alarm system can be turned on either by remote control or by a local switch. The alarm system is battery powered for its own circuit operation and can be charged by a battery charger.

Abstract: To measure a resistance value in a circuit by conventional method, one side of the resistor should be disconnected from the circuit, then an Ohmmeter is connected across the resistor. To measure a current through a component, one side of the component should be disconnected and an ammeter is connected between the 2 open terminals. As such mentioned above, measuring a resistance value or a milliamp current value is very inconvenient with a conventional multimeter. With the present invention, a voltage, a current, and a resistance can be measured altogether at the same time automatically without manually disconnecting a component in a circuit with 2 or more resistors connected in series.

Abstract: This invention provides a sleepy alarm apparatus for a vehicle driver, which is activated by a heart pulse meter, of which the measured heart pulse rate is lower than the preset threshold sleepy pulse rate. When a driver is sleepy while driving, the pulse rate is gradually decreasing. This invention continuously monitors the time interval for the predetermined number of the driver's pulses and converts the time interval into a pulse rate. If the measured pulse rate is lower than the preset threshold pulse rate, the system will trigger an alarm unit, which is a part of the present invention. The preset threshold pulse rate can be adjusted by the increase or decrease switch. The apparatus may be made to be wearable on a wrist or made to be attachable on the steering wheel of the vehicle being driven. In which case, the device includes a cuff for placing a finger in it in order to monitor the heart pulses.

Abstract: A dual function solid state relay for a motor control includes four solid state switches and 6 terminals, wherein a set of 2 switches are for up operation allowing a current flow through a load in one direction and the other set of 2 switches are for down operation allowing the current flow through the load in the opposite direction. Out of 2 switches during up operation, one switch connects V+ to one end of the load and the other switch connects a Ground to the other end of the load. During down operation mode, the operation is similar to the up operation except that the voltage polarities connected to the each end of the load is reversed. Out of 6 terminals, 2 are for up and down inputs and 2 are for the outputs to the load and the remaining 2 are for V+ connection and Ground connection. In another embodiment, with the addition of a input signal control circuit to the dual function solid state relay, only one input signal from a push button switch is required for the both, up and down, operations.

Abstract: For a facility, such as hotels, motels, or apartments, energy expenses especially for air conditioning, heating and room lighting are one of major concerns of the management. This invention is pertaining to how to save the electricity usage by effectively controlling room lighting sand temperatures, from the front office. In a hotel/motel environment, when a office clerk checks out a guest from a room, the room is automatically put in vacant status and, of which unnecessary lights are turned off, temperature is adjusted to the preset vacant level, and the room indicator LED is off showing that the room is vacant. When a new guest is checked in, the process is just opposite, turning the room indicator LED on, all lights are enabled to turn on, and temperature is adjusted to the preset occupied level for the room. Since this invention uses the existing telephone lines to control the room devices automatically from the front office, no extra wiring from room to room are needed for the communication.

Abstract: To measure a resistance value in a circuit by conventional method, one side of the resistor should be disconnected from the circuit, then an Ohmmeter is connected across the resistor. To measure a current through a component, one side of the component should be disconnected and an ammeter is connected between the 2 open terminals. As such mentioned above, measuring a resistance value or a milliamp current value is very inconvenient with a conventional multimeter. With the present invention, a voltage, a current, and a resistance can be measured altogether at the same time automatically without manually disconnecting a component in a circuit with 2 or more resistors connected in series. In a common emitter transistor circuit, the collector resistor and emitter resistor can be measured without opening a circuit.

Abstract: This invention provides a sleepy alarm apparatus for a vehicle driver, which is activated by a heart pulse meter, of which the measured heart pulse rate is lower than the preset threshold sleepy pulse rate. When a driver is sleepy while driving, the pulse rate is gradually decreasing. This invention continuously monitors the time interval for the predetermined number of the driver's pulses and converts the time interval into a pulse rate. If the measured pulse rate is lower than the preset threshold pulse rate, the system will trigger an alarm unit which is a part of the present invention. The preset threshold pulse rate can be adjusted by the increase or decrease switch. The apparatus may be made to be wearable on a wrist or made to be attachable on the steering wheel of the vehicle being driven in which case, the device includes a cuff for placing a finger in it in order to monitor the heart pulses.

Abstract: A dual function solid state relay for a motor control includes four solid state switches and 6 terminals, wherein a set of 2 switches are for up operation allowing a current flow through a load in one direction and the other set of 2 switches are for down operation allowing the current flow through the load in he opposite direction. Out of 2 switches during up operation, one switch connects V+ to one end of the load and the other switch connects a Ground to the other end of the load.

Abstract: An alarm system attached to an electronic device, activated by unplugging AC power cord of the alarm device from a power outlet, irrespective to the states of the main switch and the device switch. If the power cord is unplugged from the outlet, it disconnects DC continuity component from the alarm circuit, breaks a voltage divider circuit, changes the voltage level high, and activates the alarm system. The DC continuity component could be either an external component, the power transformer winding, or a device power input DC impedance. Which element is utilized is determined by the position of the main switch and the device switch. The alarm system can be turned on either by remote control or by a local switch. The alarm system is battery powered for its own circuit operation and charged by a battery charger.

Abstract: This invention is pertaining to multi purpose shock sensor comprising three conductive plates arranged in 3 layers in parallel which make 2 variable capacitors connected in series. Two outer plates are firmly attached to a supporting insulating material and the center plate is located between the 2 outer plates and arranged as movable by resilient element toward either side of the outer plate depending on the direction of the impact felt on the shock sensor causing changes of the capacitance values of the both capacitors. If the 2 capacitors are connected across a voltage source through a resistor, the voltage is charged across the 2 capacitors and their charged values are inversely proportional to their capacitance values. Moving the center plate due to a shock causes changes on both capacitance values, which change voltages across the capacitors, and the changed voltage can be used to activate an object.

Abstract: This invention is pertaining to multi purpose shock sensor comprising three conductive plates arranged in 3 layers in parallel which make 2 variable capacitors connected in series. Two outer plates are firmly attached to a supporting insulating material and the center plate is located between the 2 outer plates and arranged as movable by resilient element toward either side of the outer plate depending on the direction of the impact felt on the shock sensor causing changes of the capacitance values of the both capacitors. If the 2 capacitors are connected across a voltage source through a resistor, the voltage is charged across the 2 capacitors and their charged values are inversely proportional to their capacitance values. Moving the center plate due to a shock causes changes on both capacitance values, which change voltages across the capacitors, and the changed voltage can be used to activate an object.

Abstract: An alarm system attached to an electronic or electrical device is triggered by unplugging or removing AC power cord. The circuit of said alarm system is monitoring the presence of AC voltage. If it finds the absence of the AC source, then said alarm is activated. Included in the alarm system is a timer circuit, which stops the alarm sounding after certain period of time that is adjustable. An LED is indicating that said alarm is armed. The alarm system is designed such a way that it consumes very little current during a quiescent state to save the battery usage. Said alarm system is battery powered for it's own circuit. The power supply circuit generates DC voltage for the purpose of checking AC voltage connection to the power line.

Abstract: For a facility, such as hotels, motels, or apartments, energy expenses especially for air conditioning, heating and room lighting are one of major concerns of the management. This invention is pertaining to how to save the electricity usage by effectively controlling room lighting sand temperatures, from the front office.

Abstract: This invention is relating to a barbed wire, of which one strand is a conventional iron wire, and the other strand is a conductor embedded plastic wire that includes a conductor covered by a sturdy plastic insulator. The purpose of using a conductor embedded plastic wire is that it can be used for an alarm system where high security is demanded. This invention provides easier manufacturing process and simpler method for the application of the barbed wire to an alarm system than the products of prior art of U.S. Pat. No. 4,317,955. Therefore, this invention is less expensive to produce the product.

Abstract: This invention is relating to a barbed wire, of which one strand is a conventional iron wire, and the other strand is an electrical wire that includes a conductor covered by a sturdy plastic insulator. The purpose of using an electrical wire is that it can be used for an alarm system where high security is demanded.

Abstract: A wet-etch method which determines a desired etch-ending point includes the steps of providing an etchant solution in a bath, perform a wet-etch process by dipping a material to be etched in the bath, measuring a PH variation value of the etchant solution during the wet-etch process, calculating a thickness variation value of the material by using the measured PH variation value, and stopping the wet-etch process when the thickness variation value reaches a preset value.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an MOS transistor includes the steps of forming a gate insulating layer on a substrate of a first conductivity-type, forming a gate on the gate insulating layer, forming a disposable layer over an entire surface of the substrate and the gate, the disposable layer having a first conductivity-type impurity and a second conductivity-type impurity of a higher concentration than that of the first conductivity-type impurity, and forming a source and drain area of the second conductivity-type impurity on the substrate by diffusing the second conductivity-type impurity of the disposable layer into the substrate by means of an annealing process, wherein the disposable layer includes a BPSG layer, wherein the BPSG layer is a B+PSG layer which is doped with a higher dopant concentration of boron than that of phosphorus to make a p-type MOS transistor.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an MOS transistor includes the steps of forming a gate insulating layer on a substrate of a first conductivity-type, forming a gate on the gate insulating layer, forming a disposable layer over an entire surface of the substrate and the gate, the disposable layer having a first conductivity-type impurity and a second conductivity-type impurity of a higher concentration than that of the first conductivity-type impurity, and forming a source and drain area of the second conductivity-type impurity on the substrate by diffusing the second conductivity-type impurity of the disposable layer into the substrate by means of an annealing process, wherein the disposable layer includes a BPSG layer.