Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display, including: an insulating substrate, the insulating substrate includes a center region and an edge region surrounding the center region; a roof layer formed on the insulating substrate, and configured to support a plurality of separated microcavities; a pixel electrode formed on the insulating substrate, and formed in the microcavity supported by the roof layer; and a liquid crystal layer positioned within the microcavity, in which the roof layer includes an opening for injecting a liquid crystal into the plurality of microcavities, and the opening in the center region has a substantially uniform size, and the opening in the edge region is smaller than the opening in the center region.

Abstract: A target extracting apparatus and method for extracting a target through probability modeling of pixel brightness values in an image, and a recording medium storing a program for performing the method, are disclosed. The method includes extracting a background image from an input image, modeling brightness values of the input image and the background image based on a Gaussian distribution to generate an input image modeling result and a background image modeling result, calculating likelihood ratios for determining whether a pixel in the input image corresponds to a target based on a correlation between the input image modeling result and the background image modeling result and target templates having different sizes; determining a location of the target based on the calculated likelihood ratios; and outputting the determined location of the target.

Abstract: Provided are a digital image processing apparatus which corrects a position of each of a plurality of template motion vectors of an image frame of a captured image by considering relative positions of neighboring motion vectors respectively similar to each of the template motion vectors, calculates a score of each of the template motion vectors by considering a number of the neighboring motion vectors, and selects a global motion vector representing the image frame based on the score, and a method of estimating a global motion of an image to stabilize the captured image using the global motion.

Abstract: An image stabilizing apparatus and method for correcting an image that is shaken due to a movement of a camera is provided. The image stabilizing apparatus includes a reference image setting unit including: a sample frame extract unit which extracts a plurality of image frames taken for a certain period of time from image data generated by photographing an object; and a reference frame extract unit which the plurality of image frames with one another to extract a most stabilized image frame and set the extracted image frame as a reference image frame.

Abstract: Provided is an image stabilizing apparatus and method for correcting an image that is shaken due to a movement of a camera. The image stabilizing apparatus includes a characterizing point checking region setting unit including: a sample frame extract unit which extracts a plurality of image frames obtained for a certain period of time in image data obtained by photographing an object; and a frame analyzing unit which detects a plurality of characterizing points in the extracted plurality of image frames, and sets a characterizing point checking region which is used to check characterizing points in a currently input image frame.

Abstract: Provided are a device and method for removing distortion in a photographed image. The method includes estimating a parameter set indicative of an amount of distortion in an input image by a local motion vector between a reference image and the input image, and reconstructing the input image by using the estimated parameter set.

Abstract: A surfactant includes a hydrophobic functional group, a hydrophilic functional group and a linker disposed between the hydrophobic functional group and the hydrophilic functional group. The linker is connected to the hydrophobic functional group and the hydrophilic functional group. The linker has a cleavable bond with a bond energy lower than a bond energy of a bond included in the hydrophilic functional group and a bond included in the hydrophobic functional group.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for outputting a stabilized image even when a camera sways. The method includes: applying a first compensated motion to the image to acquire a first stabilized image, wherein an accumulation result of first motions, each of which is estimated between adjacent images from a reference image to an arbitrary image, is inversely transformed into the first compensated motion; and acquiring a second motion estimated between the reference image and the first stabilized image and applying the accumulation result of the first motions and a second compensated motion to the image to acquire a second stabilized image. An accumulation result of the second motion is inversely transformed into the second compensated motion.

Abstract: A surfactant includes a hydrophobic functional group, a hydrophilic functional group and a linker disposed between the hydrophobic functional group and the hydrophilic functional group, and the linker is connected to the hydrophobic functional group and the hydrophilic functional group. The linker has a cleavable bond with a bond energy lower than a bond energy of a bond included in the hydrophilic functional group and a bond included in the hydrophobic functional group.

Abstract: Provided are a digital image processing apparatus which corrects a position of each of a plurality of template motion vectors of an image frame of a captured image by considering relative positions of neighboring motion vectors respectively similar to each of the template motion vectors, calculates a score of each of the template motion vectors by considering a number of the neighboring motion vectors, and selects a global motion vector representing the image frame based on the score, and a method of estimating a global motion of an image to stabilize the captured image using the global motion.

Abstract: A target extracting apparatus and method for extracting a target through probability modeling of pixel brightness values in an image, and a recording medium storing a program for performing the method, are disclosed. The method includes extracting a background image from an input image, modeling brightness values of the input image and the background image based on a Gaussian distribution to generate an input image modeling result and a background image modeling result, calculating likelihood ratios for determining whether a pixel in the input image corresponds to a target based on a correlation between the input image modeling result and the background image modeling result and target templates having different sizes; determining a location of the target based on the calculated likelihood ratios; and outputting the determined location of the target.

Abstract: An image stabilizing apparatus and method for correcting an image that is shaken due to a movement of a camera is provided. The image stabilizing apparatus includes a reference image setting unit including: a sample frame extract unit which extracts a plurality of image frames taken for a certain period of time from image data generated by photographing an object; and a reference frame extract unit which the plurality of image frames with one another to extract a most stabilized image frame and set the extracted image frame as a reference image frame.

Abstract: A surfactant includes a hydrophobic functional group, a hydrophilic functional group and a linker disposed between the hydrophobic functional group and the hydrophilic functional group, and the linker is connected to the hydrophobic functional group and the hydrophilic functional group. The linker has a cleavable bond with a bond energy lower than a bond energy of a bond included in the hydrophilic functional group and a bond included in the hydrophobic functional group.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device including a nano dot and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The nonvolatile memory device may include a lower electrode, an oxide layer on the lower electrode, a nano dot in the oxide layer and an upper electrode on the oxide layer. In example embodiments, the current paths inside the oxide layer may be unified, thereby stabilizing the reset current.