Abstract: In a method for recovering lithium hydroxide from a lithium secondary battery, cathode powder is prepared from a cathode of the lithium secondary battery. A cathode active material mixture is prepared by mixing the cathode powder with a calcium compound. The cathode active material mixture is reduced to form a preliminary precursor mixture. A lithium precursor is recovered from the preliminary precursor mixture. Therefore, a lithium precursor can be obtained with high purity without a complicated leaching process or an additional process, which result from a wet-based acid solution process.

Abstract: A wireless power reception apparatus includes: a first electrode including a coil shape; a second electrode including the coil shape; an electrode capacitor connected between the first electrode and the second electrode; an electrode signal transceiver connected to the first electrode and the second electrode; a power receiver connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, separately from the electrode signal transceiver; a resonant capacitor; and first capacitor and a second capacitor configured to connect a conducting line between the first electrode and the power receiver and a conducting line between the second electrode and the power receiver, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are wound in the same direction.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a photoresist coater applying a photoresist film on a substrate, a humidifier increasing an amount of moisture in an ambient to which the photoresist film on the substrate is exposed, and an exposer irradiating the photoresist film exposed to the ambient having the increased amount of moisture with light. The humidifier is disposed between the photoresist coater and the exposer.

Abstract: A processor-implemented communication method includes: sequentially transmitting scan packets comprising information of current transmission frequencies to a target device while changing a transmission frequency of a control device within a scan frequency range; and receiving, from the target device, a return packet comprising information of a reception frequency of the target device corresponding to any one of the current transmission frequencies included in the scan packets.

Abstract: A chuck-driving device includes a base extending in first and second directions. The second direction crosses the first direction. The chuck-driving device further includes a slider positioned on the base and configured to move in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions, and a pneumatic cylinder positioned on the base and to support the slider in the third direction. The chuck-driving additionally includes a motor assembly positioned on the base, around the pneumatic cylinder, and configured to drive the slider in the third direction. The motor assembly includes a coil base having a hollow portion disposed around sides of the pneumatic cylinder, a coil assembly positioned on the coil base and disposed around the sides of the pneumatic cylinder, and a magnet assembly adjacent to a part of the coil assembly.

Abstract: A chuck-driving device includes a base extending in first and second directions. The second direction crosses the first direction. The chuck-driving device further includes a slider positioned on the base and configured to move in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the first and second directions, and a pneumatic cylinder positioned on the base and to support the slider in the third direction. The chuck-driving additionally includes a motor assembly positioned on the base, around the pneumatic cylinder, and configured to drive the slider in the third direction. The motor assembly includes a coil base having a hollow portion disposed around sides of the pneumatic cylinder, a coil assembly positioned on the coil base and disposed around the sides of the pneumatic cylinder, and a magnet assembly adjacent to a part of the coil assembly.

Abstract: A substrate supporting and transferring apparatus and associated methods, the apparatus including a shuttle configured to move in a x-direction and a y-direction, the y-direction being perpendicular to the x-direction; a lower wedge block on the shuttle, the lower wedge block including a lower surface that is parallel with an upper surface of the shuttle and an upper surface that is inclined with respect to the lower surface of the lower wedge block; an upper wedge block on the lower wedge block, the upper wedge block including a lower surface that is parallel with the upper surface of the lower wedge block and an upper surface that is parallel with the upper surface of the shuttle; and a chuck on the upper wedge block, the chuck being configured to support a substrate.

Abstract: A substrate supporting and transferring apparatus and associated methods, the apparatus including a shuttle configured to move in a x-direction and a y-direction, the y-direction being perpendicular to the x-direction; a lower wedge block on the shuttle, the lower wedge block including a lower surface that is parallel with an upper surface of the shuttle and an upper surface that is inclined with respect to the lower surface of the lower wedge block; an upper wedge block on the lower wedge block, the upper wedge block including a lower surface that is parallel with the upper surface of the lower wedge block and an upper surface that is parallel with the upper surface of the shuttle; and a chuck on the upper wedge block, the chuck being configured to support a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fixing module for fixing an optical system to an optical apparatus, including a coupling unit having a plate to couple to the apparatus, the coupling unit having a first penetrating space at a central portion thereof and a protruding portion protruded downwards from the plate; a first fixing unit combinable with the coupling unit and having a receiving space including a thermosetting resin such that the protruding portion is fixed into the thermosetting resin; and a second fixing unit combinable with the first fixing unit and having a second penetrating space communicating with the first penetrating space, such that the optical system can penetrate through the first and the second penetrating spaces and be fixed by the second fixing unit.

Abstract: A gantry apparatus includes a structure to couple and support an optical system has enhanced rigidity, which minimizes deformation of the structure even if a plurality of optical systems is coupled to the structure. The gantry apparatus includes an optical system, a drive device to drive the optical system, and a structure to couple and support the drive device. The structure includes a plurality of first plates arranged parallel to one another, and a plurality of second plates intersecting the plurality of first plates to define receptive corridors, each of which receives the drive device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fixing module for fixing an optical system to an optical apparatus, including a coupling unit having a plate to couple to the apparatus, the coupling unit having a first penetrating space at a central portion thereof and a protruding portion protruded downwards from the plate; a first fixing unit combinable with the coupling unit and having a receiving space including a thermosetting resin such that the protruding portion is fixed into the thermosetting resin; and a second fixing unit combinable with the first fixing unit and having a second penetrating space communicating with the first penetrating space, such that the optical system can penetrate through the first and the second penetrating spaces and be fixed by the second fixing unit.

Abstract: Provided is a barrel support device for supporting a lens barrel. The barrel support device may include a guide frame configured to laterally support the lens barrel and tilt with the lens barrel, a rotation guide on a first end of the guide frame, the rotation guide being ring shaped and configured attach the lens barrel to the guide frame, and a ring-shaped tilting frame configured to support a second end of the guide frame and tilt the guide frame, wherein the guide frame, the rotation guide, and the tilting frame are configured to allow the lens barrel to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A gantry apparatus includes a structure to couple and support an optical system has enhanced rigidity, which minimizes deformation of the structure even if a plurality of optical systems is coupled to the structure. The gantry apparatus includes an optical system, a drive device to drive the optical system, and a structure to couple and support the drive device. The structure includes a plurality of first plates arranged parallel to one another, and a plurality of second plates intersecting the plurality of first plates to define receptive corridors, each of which receives the drive device.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a position arrangement device includes at least one joint module between a first base and a second base. The at least one joint module is configured to adjust a position of the second base relative to the first base based on elastic flexion in the joint module.

Abstract: A gantry apparatus includes a structure to couple and support an optical system has enhanced rigidity, which minimizes deformation of the structure even if a plurality of optical systems is coupled to the structure. The gantry apparatus includes an optical system, a drive device to drive the optical system, and a structure to couple and support the drive device. The structure includes a plurality of first plates arranged parallel to one another, and a plurality of second plates intersecting the plurality of first plates to define receptive corridors, each of which receives the drive device.

Abstract: An actuator according to example embodiments may be relatively compact and may be driven with 2 degrees of freedom with less spatial constraints. The actuator may include a base member, a ball screw member including a ball screw coupled to the base member and a ball nut screwed onto the ball screw, a driving member coupled to the ball nut so as to move in conjunction with the ball nut, a first directional displacement member configured to move in a first direction in response to a first movement of the driving member, a wedge member coupled to the driving member so as to be moved in a second direction in response to a second movement of the driving member, a second directional displacement member configured to move in a second direction in conjunction with the wedge member, and a binding member configured to bind the first directional displacement member to at least one of the driving member, the wedge member, and the base member.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a position arrangement device includes at least one joint module between a first base and a second base. The at least one joint module is configured to adjust a position of the second base relative to the first base based on elastic flexion in the joint module.

Abstract: A gantry apparatus includes a structure to couple and support an optical system has enhanced rigidity, which minimizes deformation of the structure even if a plurality of optical systems is coupled to the structure. The gantry apparatus includes an optical system, a drive device to drive the optical system, and a structure to couple and support the drive device. The structure includes a plurality of first plates arranged parallel to one another, and a plurality of second plates intersecting the plurality of first plates to define receptive corridors, each of which receives the drive device.

Abstract: An actuator according to example embodiments may be relatively compact and may be driven with 2 degrees of freedom with less spatial constraints. The actuator may include a base member, a ball screw member including a ball screw coupled to the base member and a ball nut screwed onto the ball screw, a driving member coupled to the ball nut so as to move in conjunction with the ball nut, a first directional displacement member configured to move in a first direction in response to a first movement of the driving member, a wedge member coupled to the driving member so as to be moved in a second direction in response to a second movement of the driving member, a second directional displacement member configured to move in a second direction in conjunction with the wedge member, and a binding member configured to bind the first directional displacement member to at least one of the driving member, the wedge member, and the base member.

Abstract: Provided is a barrel support device for supporting a lens barrel. The barrel support device may include a guide frame configured to laterally support the lens barrel and tilt with the lens barrel, a rotation guide on a first end of the guide frame, the rotation guide being ring shaped and configured attach the lens barrel to the guide frame, and a ring-shaped tilting frame configured to support a second end of the guide frame and tilt the guide frame, wherein the guide frame, the rotation guide, and the tilting frame are configured to allow the lens barrel to pass therethrough.