Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material capable of achieving a lithium secondary battery having excellent initial charge and discharge efficiency, life characteristics, and thermal stability and a preparation method thereof, wherein the positive electrode active material of the present invention includes a core portion including a lithium transition metal oxide wherein a mole ratio of nickel (Ni) in total transition metals is 80 mol % or more, and a layer-structured shell portion formed on the core portion and including a lithium transition metal oxide in which a molar ratio of manganese (Mn) in the total transition metals is 30 mol % or more, and satisfies Equation 1: 0.005 ? Thickness ? of ? the ? shell ? portion ( ?m ) Average ? particle ? diameter ( D 50 ) ? of ? the ? positive ? electrode ? ? active ? material ( ?m ) ? 0.15 .

Abstract: This disclosure provides MCT-loaded microcapsules for use as whitening agents in food and pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: This disclosure provides nicotine-loaded microcapsules for use in treating or preventing nicotine dependence, or a withdrawal symptom thereof, in a subject in need thereof. The disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions and pharmaceutical formulations comprising nicotine-loaded microcapsules. The disclosure also provides methods of making nicotine-loaded microcapsules.

Abstract: A method for healing a damaged separation membrane for water treatment uses silica microparticles surface-functionalized with polyethyleneimine. The method can be applied to actual water treatment processes because the particle size and chemical stability of the silica microparticles surface-functionalized with polyethyleneimine are maintained under various operation conditions are used. A separation membrane for water treatment healed exhibits superior healing performance, with water permeability and rejection rate being healed to 90% or higher as compared to the pristine separation membrane, and maintains physical and chemical stability for a long time. Moreover, the method is advantageous in that flux does not declines after the healing because the silica microparticles surface-functionalized with polyethyleneimine are selectively deposited on the damaged part. In addition, it is advantageous in terms of economy in that silica microparticles commercially available at low cost are used.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a self-healing hydrogel-filled separation membrane for water treatment includes soaking a porous support comprising pores in a monomer solution to fill the pores with the solution, removing the excessively filled monomer solution from the porous support, and forming a hydrogel in the pores by crosslinking the monomer. The separation membrane does not require an additional repair process when damage occurs to the separation membrane and can exhibit superior self-healing effect and physical stability.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a self-healing hydrogel-filled separation membrane for water treatment includes soaking a porous support comprising pores in a monomer solution to fill the pores with the solution, removing the excessively filled monomer solution from the porous support, and forming a hydrogel in the pores by crosslinking the monomer. The separation membrane does not require an additional repair process when damage occurs to the separation membrane and can exhibit superior self-healing effect and physical stability.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a technique for inhibiting biofouling of the surface of a membrane caused by a biofilm, through immobilizing biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms to a container in a membrane process for water treatment. The present disclosure provides a container with biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms immobilized therein, including a permeable container and biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganisms immobilized in of the container. The present disclosure also provides a membrane water treatment apparatus comprising a reactor accommodating water to be treated, a membrane module for water treatment and a container with biofilm formation-inhibiting microorganism immobilized therein placed in the reactor.