Abstract: An embodiment refrigerant module of an integrated thermal management system for a vehicle is configured such that a refrigerant circulates sequentially through a compressor, a condenser, a heat exchanger, an expansion valve, an evaporator, and a vapor-liquid separator. The heat exchanger and the expansion valve are disposed below at least one of the condenser and the evaporator, thereby performing heat exchange between the refrigerant discharged from the condenser and the refrigerant discharged from the vapor-liquid separator.

Abstract: An injection-type heat exchange module includes an outer tank configured with upper and lower chambers, the upper chamber being connected in such a manner that refrigerant is introduced thereinto from an outer condenser or an inner condenser, and the lower chamber being connected in such a manner that the refrigerant is introduced thereinto from an evaporator and that the refrigerant is discharged therefrom to a compressor, an inner tank arranged inside the outer tank and connected in such a manner that the refrigerant is discharged therefrom to the compressor or the evaporator; a first valve arranged in an upper end portion of the inner tank, a second valve arranged in a lower end portion thereof, and an actuator connected to both the first valve and the second valve and operating in such a manner that the first and second valves are rotated at the same time.

Abstract: An integrated thermal management circuit for a vehicle is introduced, which includes a refrigerant line on which a refrigerant flows into the compressor; a battery cooling line making a cooling water circulate between a battery and a battery radiator or between the battery and the battery chiller; an electric cooling line making the cooling water circulate between an electronic driving unit and an electric radiator or between the electronic driving unit and the electric chiller; and a chiller control valve provided at an upstream point of the electric chiller and the battery chiller on the chiller line, and making the refrigerant discharged from the external heat exchanger flow into the electric chiller or the battery chiller.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a vehicle includes a base circuit in which a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator are provided in order and in which a refrigerant is circulated, a recirculation circuit branched from a discharge portion of the compressor in the base circuit and joined to an inlet portion of the compressor so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is recirculated to an inlet of the compressor, and an adjusting valve positioned at the discharge portion where the recirculation circuit is branched from the base circuit or positioned at the inlet portion where the recirculation circuit is joined to the base circuit, the adjusting valve configured to adjust a flow rate of the refrigerant that flows to the recirculation circuit.

Abstract: There are provided a method and a system for selecting an optimal synchronization broker for each workload. A system for selecting an optimal synchronization broker for each workload according to an embodiment includes: a storage unit including a database that contains specialist recommendation information including information on a correct protocol that is recommended by a specialist with respect to a service specification and data transmission requirements; and a processor configured to determine an optimal in-bound protocol and an optimal out-bound protocol according to the data transmission requirements through a decision tree model that is trained by using the specialist recommendation information as training data.

Abstract: A refrigerant circuit includes an auxiliary heat exchanger for adjusting the temperature of refrigerant, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator. The auxiliary heat exchanger selectively operates through a plurality of switch valves. Thus, the temperature of the refrigerant is efficiently managed according to situations, thereby improving cooling and warming performance. An integrated thermal management system includes the auxiliary heat exchanger configured to exchange heat with outside air, thereby efficiently managing the temperature of the refrigerant and simplifying the structure thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for a vehicle may determine one or more abnormalities of battery cells of a battery of a vehicle and may control a normal operation by managing the one or more abnormalities. The battery diagnosis apparatus for the vehicle includes a communication device that provides a communication interface with a plurality of vehicles, and a controller that collects vehicle state information and battery state information from the plurality of vehicles, manages a maximum voltage difference change rate of battery cells for each cumulative mileage with respect to the plurality of vehicles, and diagnoses abnormalities in batteries provided in the plurality of vehicles based on the maximum voltage difference change rate of the battery cells for each cumulative mileage.

Abstract: An integrated thermal management circuit for a vehicle includes an electrical component line having a first radiator, a battery line having a second radiator, an integration line branching from the electrical component line and the battery line and joined to the electrical component line and the battery line, a refrigerant line having a cooling core and in which a refrigerant flows, a chiller connected to the integration line and the refrigerant line, and a control valve provided to control a flow of coolant from the integration line through the chiller.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an upper limb multi-joint impedance measurement method and an apparatus using the same.

Abstract: A light emitting element includes a first electrode, a hole transport region on the first electrode, an emission layer on the hole transport region, an electron transport region on the emission layer, and a second electrode on the electron transport region. The electron transport region includes an electron transport layer on the emission layer, a first electron injection layer on the electron transport layer, and a second electron injection layer on the first electron injection layer, the thicknesses of the first and second electron injection layers are each about 1 nm to about 5 nm, the first electron injection layer includes a phenanthroline derivative and/or a phosphine oxide derivative, and the second electron injection layer includes a metal material.

Abstract: An embodiment thermal management system for a vehicle includes a compressor on a first refrigerant line that compresses a refrigerant circulated therein, an external condenser on the first refrigerant line downstream of the compressor that releases heat of the refrigerant, a front evaporator on the first refrigerant line downstream of the external condenser that evaporates the refrigerant, a second refrigerant line connected to the first refrigerant line that allows the refrigerant to be introduced thereinto and then to be discharged upstream of the compressor, a rear evaporator on the second refrigerant line that selectively releases heat of the refrigerant, a first flow control valve on the first refrigerant line that allows the refrigerant to be introduced into the rear evaporator or the external condenser, and a second flow control valve on the second refrigerant line that allows the refrigerant to be introduced into the compressor or the external condenser.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium metal oxide particle, and an organic poly-phosphate or an organic poly-phosphonate formed on at least portion of a surface of the lithium metal oxide particle. Chemical stability of the lithium metal oxide particle may be improved and surface residues may be reduced by the organic poly-phosphate or the organic poly-phosphonate.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium metal oxide particle, and an organic poly-phosphate or an organic poly-phosphonate formed on at least portion of a surface of the lithium metal oxide particle. Chemical stability of the lithium metal oxide particle may be improved and surface residues may be reduced by the organic poly-phosphate or the organic poly-phosphonate.

Abstract: An embodiment heat exchanger includes a first flow path through which a refrigerant discharged from a condenser and drawn into an expansion valve flows and a second flow path through which the refrigerant discharged from a vapor-liquid separator and drawn into a compressor flows, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to perform a heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the first flow path and the refrigerant flowing through the second flow path.

Abstract: Proposed is an integrated thermal management system of which the cooling performance is secured because the entire area of a radiator is used when cooling a PE part and a battery. In particular, heat of the PE part and heat of the battery are selectively shared and thus the entire circuit of the system becomes compact and the energy efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A mask including a sensor area including at least one half-etched area, a first deposition area disposed external to the sensor area, and a second deposition area disposed in the sensor area. The mask, a mask assembly including the mask, a display panel manufacturing apparatus including the mask assembly, and a method of manufacturing a display panel using the display panel manufacturing apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure may improve deposition quality.

Abstract: A hard coating film may include a cured product of a polyester polyol modified hyperbranched (meth)acrylate represented by Formula 1:

Abstract: Novel methods and apparatuses for annealing semiconductor devices in a high pressure gas environment. According to an embodiment, the annealing vessel has a dual chamber structure, and potentially toxic, flammable, or otherwise reactive gas is confined in an inner chamber which is protected by pressures of inert gas contained in the outer chamber. The incoming gas delivery system and exhaust gas venting system are likewise protected by various methods. Embodiments of the present invention can be used, for example, for high-K gate dielectric anneal, post metallization sintering anneal, and forming gas anneal in the semiconductor manufacturing process.

Abstract: Novel methods and apparatuses for annealing semiconductor devices in a high pressure gas environment. According to an embodiment, the annealing vessel has a dual chamber structure, and potentially toxic, flammable, or otherwise reactive gas is confined in an inner chamber which is protected by pressures of inert gas contained in the outer chamber. The incoming gas delivery system and exhaust gas venting system are likewise protected by various methods. Embodiments of the present invention can be used, for example, for high-K gate dielectric anneal, post metallization sintering anneal, and forming gas anneal in the semiconductor manufacturing process.

Abstract: Novel methods and apparatuses for annealing semiconductor devices in a high pressure gas environment. According to an embodiment, the annealing vessel has a dual chamber structure, and potentially toxic, flammable, or otherwise reactive gas is confined in an inner chamber which is protected by pressures of inert gas contained in the outer chamber. The incoming gas delivery system and exhaust gas venting system are likewise protected by various methods. Embodiments of the present invention can be used, for example, for high-K gate dielectric anneal, post metallization sintering anneal, and forming gas anneal in the semiconductor manufacturing process.