Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of improving the corrosion resistance of a metal substrate surface using an oxygen reduction catalyst, which may improve the corrosion resistance of the metal substrate surface by coating the metal substrate surface with the oxygen reduction catalyst so that the metal substrate surface is changed to a passive state through the action of the oxygen reduction catalyst in an environment in which a stable oxide layer is not spontaneously formed on the metal substrate surface. The present invention has an advantage in that it can dramatically improve the corrosion resistance of the metal substrate under a corrosive environment by allowing a recoverable oxide layer to be formed on the metal substrate surface through the action of the oxygen reduction catalyst, applied to the surface, even in an environment in which an oxide layer is not spontaneously formed on the metal substrate.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus includes a camshaft, a cam unit on which a cam is formed and the camshaft is inserted, a guide bracket of which an upper guide boss is formed, an inner wheel transmitting the rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit, a wheel housing of which a guide shaft having a guide thread formed thereto to be movably inserted into the upper guide boss is formed thereto, and of which a tail guide guiding the relative movement of the guide bracket is formed thereto, and the wheel housing into which the inner wheel is rotatably inserted, a worm wheel of which an inner thread engaged with the guide thread is formed on inside thereof and of which an outer thread is formed on outside thereof, and a tolerance adjusting pin inserted into the tolerance adjusting portion.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus includes a camshaft, a cam unit on which a cam is formed and the camshaft is inserted, a guide bracket of which an upper guide boss is formed, an inner wheel transmitting the rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit, a wheel housing of which a guide shaft having a guide thread formed thereto to be movably inserted into the upper guide boss is formed thereto, and of which a tail guide guiding the relative movement of the guide bracket is formed thereto, and the wheel housing into which the inner wheel is rotatably inserted, a worm wheel of which an inner thread engaged with the guide thread is formed on inside thereof and of which an outer thread is formed on outside thereof, and a tolerance adjusting pin inserted into the tolerance adjusting portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a welding apparatus including an electrode assembly configured such that a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are stacked in the state in which separators are interposed therebetween, guides configured to reduce tensile force of positive electrode tabs and negative electrode tabs protruding from the electrode assembly, an anvil configured to allow the electrode tabs to be disposed thereon, and a horn configured to apply ultrasonic waves to the electrode tabs disposed on the anvil, a welding method using the same, and an electrode assembly manufactured by the welding method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery cell including an electrode assembly including a plurality of electrode plates and at least one separator interposed between the plurality of electrode plates, a case configured to receive the electrode assembly, electrode tabs formed at the electrode plates so as to protrude and extend therefrom, and an electrode lead joined to the electrode tabs while being electrically connected to the outside, wherein each of the electrode tabs includes a first tab portion connected to a corresponding one of the electrode plates and a second tab portion extending from the first tab portion, the electrode lead being joined to the second tab portion, and the first tab portion is provided with a stress relief portion configured to reduce stress in the electrode tab.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a welding apparatus including an electrode tab fixing portion capable of maintaining the distance between and the shape of electrode tabs while minimizing damage to electrode tabs when welding the electrode tabs and an electrode tab welding method using the same.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus includes a cam unit, a cam formed on the cam unit, a camshaft inserted into the cam, a guide bracket, a guide shaft mounted on the guide bracket and disposed perpendicular to the camshaft, wherein a guide screw thread is formed on the guide shaft, a wheel housing disposed within the guide bracket, an inner wheel rotatably inserted into the wheel housing and movable perpendicular to the camshaft, a worm wheel disposed within the wheel housing, wherein an inner screw thread configured to engage with the guide screw thread is formed inside the worm wheel and an outer screw thread is formed on the worm wheel, a control shaft, a control worm formed on the control shaft, and a wheel elastic portion mounted to the wheel housing.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus includes a cam unit, a cam formed on the cam unit, a camshaft inserted into the cam, a guide bracket, a guide shaft mounted on the guide bracket and disposed perpendicular to the camshaft, wherein a guide screw thread is formed on the guide shaft, a wheel housing disposed within the guide bracket, an inner wheel rotatably inserted into the wheel housing and movable perpendicular to the camshaft, a worm wheel disposed within the wheel housing, wherein an inner screw thread configured to engage with the guide screw thread is formed inside the worm wheel and an outer screw thread is formed on the worm wheel, a control shaft, a control worm formed on the control shaft, and a wheel elastic portion mounted to the wheel housing.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: controlling, by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device and an exhaust CVVT device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve and exhaust valves; determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake and exhaust valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and by an exhaust two-stage variable valve duration device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve and exhaust valve based on the target opening durations. In particular, the exhaust two-stage VVD device switches a current opening duration of the exhaust valve to a first exhaust opening duration or a second exhaust opening duration which is shorter than the first opening duration based on the target opening duration of the exhaust valve.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and an apparatus for controlling a vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle. An apparatus for controlling a vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle may include: an engine position detector detecting a position of an engine; an air amount detector detecting an air amount flowing into the engine; an accelerator pedal position detector detecting a position of an accelerator pedal; a vehicle speed detector detecting a speed of the hybrid electric vehicle; an SOC detector detecting a state of charge (SOC) of a battery; and a controller controlling operation of a motor based on the position of the engine, the air amount, the position of the accelerator pedal, the speed of the hybrid electric vehicle, and the SOC of the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and an apparatus for controlling a vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle. An apparatus for controlling a vibration of a hybrid electric vehicle disclosure may include: an engine position detector detecting a position of an engine; an air amount detector detecting an air amount flowing into the engine; an accelerator pedal position detector detecting a position of an accelerator pedal; a vehicle speed detector detecting a speed of the hybrid electric vehicle; and a controller controlling operation of a motor based on the engine position, the air amount, the position of the accelerator pedal, and the speed of the hybrid electric vehicle.

Abstract: A power train may include an engine including a crankshaft and an engine block, a rotor portion connected to the crankshaft and of which a magnet is connected to a first side thereof, a stator portion disposed between the rotor portion and the engine block and a cylinder block water jacket formed on the engine and to which a motor cooling port for cooling a motor is formed.

Abstract: A continuously variable valve duration apparatus may include a camshaft, a cam unit including a cam, and the camshaft inserted into the cam, a guide shaft on which a guide screw thread is formed and disposed perpendicular to the camshaft, a guide bracket on which the guide shaft is mounted, an inner wheel configured to transmit rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit, a wheel housing into which the inner wheel is rotatably inserted and movable perpendicular to the camshaft, and the wheel housing disposed within the guide bracket, a worm wheel to which an inner screw thread configured to engage with the guide screw thread is formed therewithin, and to which an outer screw thread is formed thereon, and the worm wheel disposed within the wheel housing, a control shaft on which a control worm configured to engage with the outer screw thread is formed.

Abstract: A power train may include an engine including a crankshaft and an engine block, a rotor portion connected to the crankshaft and of which a magnet is connected to a first side thereof, a stator portion disposed between the rotor portion and the engine block and a cylinder block water jacket formed on the engine and to which a motor cooling port for cooling a motor is formed.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a camshaft and a cam unit on which a cam is formed. The camshaft is inserted into the cam unit. An inner wheel transmits rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit. The inner wheel is rotatably inserted in a wheel housing a housing hinge aperture parallel to the camshaft is formed on the wheel housing. A slider hinge aperture and a slider control aperture parallel to the camshaft are formed through a slider. A hinge shaft is inserted into the housing hinge aperture and the slider hinge aperture. An eccentric cam is formed on a control shaft and is inserted into the slider control aperture. A controller selectively rotates the control shaft to move the wheel housing perpendicular to the camshaft via the slider.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine includes: controlling, by an intake continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) device, opening and closing timings of the intake valve; controlling, by an exhaust CVVT device, opening and closing timing of the exhaust valve; determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake valve and target opening or target closing timings of the intake valve based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve based on the target opening duration; and advancing or retarding, by the intake CVVD device, the current opening timing of the intake valve while simultaneously retarding or advancing the current closing timing of the intake valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening duration of the intake valve.

Abstract: A continuously variable valve lift apparatus may include a camshaft, a cam portion on which two cams are formed and on which a rotation member is formed between the cams, a slider housing into which the rotation member is rotatably inserted, and rotatable around a pivot shaft, a control portion configured to selectively change a position of the slider housing, an output portion contacting the cams, rotatable around the pivot shaft and on which a valve shoe is formed, and a valve device configured to be driven by the valve shoe.

Abstract: A method for controlling intake and exhaust valves of an engine may include: determining, by a controller, a target opening duration of the intake and exhaust valves based on an engine load and an engine speed; modifying, by an intake continuous variable valve duration (CVVD) device and by an exhaust CVVD device, current opening and closing timings of the intake valve and/or exhaust valve based on the target opening duration of the valves; and advancing or retarding, by the intake and/or exhaust CVVD devices, the current opening timing of the intake and exhaust valves while simultaneously retarding or advancing the current closing timing of the intake and exhaust valve by a predetermined value based on the target opening duration.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus may include a camshaft, a cam unit on which a cam is formed, of which the camshaft is inserted thereto and of which a relative phase angle with respect to the camshaft is variable, an inner bracket transmitting rotation of the camshaft to the cam unit, a wheel housing in which the inner bracket is rotatably inserted, on which a guide groove parallel to the camshaft is formed, and on which a guide hole vertical to the camshaft is formed, a guide portion including a guide shaft inserted into the guide hole for guiding movement of the wheel housing and a control portion including a control shaft disposed parallel to the camshaft and inserted into the guide groove, and the control portion selectively rotating the control shaft for the relative position of the wheel housing with respect to the camshaft to be changed.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus includes a camshaft, a plurality of wheels mounted to the camshaft, and a wheel pin, a plurality of cam portions of which a cam and a cam pin are formed thereto respectively, of which the camshaft is inserted thereto, and of which relative phase angle with respect to the camshaft is variable a plurality of inner brackets including a first pin guide hole and a second pin guide hole and a wheel pin connected to the wheel respectively and a cam pin connected to the cam respectively are slidably inserted into the first pin guide hole and the second pin guide hole respectively, a plurality of a slider housings of which the each inner bracket is rotatably inserted thereto respectively, and rotatably configured around a hinge hole formed a side of a cam cap and a control portion selectively moving the slider housings.