Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a substrate, a first semiconductor chip disposed on the substrate, and a second semiconductor chip disposed on a top surface of the first semiconductor chip. The first semiconductor chip includes a conductive pattern disposed on the top surface of the first semiconductor chip and a first protective layer covering the top surface of the first semiconductor chip and at least partially surrounds the conductive pattern. The second semiconductor chip includes a first pad that contacts a first through electrode on a bottom surface of the second semiconductor chip. A second protective layer surrounds the first pad and covers the bottom surface of the second semiconductor chip. A third protection layer fills a first recess defined in the second protective layer to face the inside of the second protective layer. The first protective layer and the third protective layer contact each other.

Abstract: Provided are a connection error detecting apparatus and method. The connection error detecting apparatus, which detects connection errors for each rating of a smart meter, comprises: a parameter calculating unit for calculating connection error detecting parameters including an actual three-phase voltage value, an actual three-phase current value, an effective amount of three-phase power, and an ineffective amount of three-phase power; and a connection error determining unit for setting connection error criteria for detecting connection errors for each rating of the smart meter, and detecting the connection errors for each rating by determining whether or not any one of the connection error detecting parameters satisfies the connection error criteria.

Abstract: Provided are a connection error detecting apparatus and method. The connection error detecting apparatus, which detects connection errors for each rating of a smart meter, comprises: a parameter calculating unit for calculating connection error detecting parameters including an actual three-phase voltage value, an actual three-phase current value, an effective amount of three-phase power, and an ineffective amount of three-phase power; and a connection error determining unit for setting connection error criteria for detecting connection errors for each rating of the smart meter, and detecting the connection errors for each rating by determining whether or not any one of the connection error detecting parameters satisfies the connection error criteria.