Abstract: Disclosed is an LCD having liquid crystal molecules that lie at a predetermined direction around a valley formed in an upper substrate of the LCD in order to prevent creation of an unadjustable disclination line. The LCD comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a plurality of slits formed in a pixel region of the lower substrate. Each of the slits has a minute distance to the adjacent one of the slits. A valley is formed in a color filter of the upper substrate covered with a transparent electrode, and has a predetermined angle with respect to the slits. Vertical alignment material is formed in opposite faces of the upper and lower substrates. A liquid crystal layer is injected between the upper and lower substrates. Polarizers are arranged in outer faces of the upper and lower substrates, and have transmission axes, which are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: A color polymer dispersed liquid crystal display includes a lower substrate, an upper substrate, color liquid crystal-polymer films, and two transparent liquid crystal driving electrodes, among others. The color liquid crystal-polymer films are formed by foaming polymer films mixed with red, green and blue pigments to form porous films of red, green, and blue colors and then dropping and injecting liquid crystal into droplets of the porous films under vacuum condition. One of the two transparent liquid crystal driving electrodes is disposed between the lower substrate and the PDLC films, and the other is disposed between the PDLC films and the upper substrate. The changes in properties of the PDLC films, which may be caused by unstable phase separation in a conventional phase separation process, are reduced, and the colors are improved.

Abstract: A VVA mode LCD has a liquid crystal (LC) layer of a negative dielectric anisotropy between lower and upper substrates. A pixel electrode is formed on the lower substrate. A color resin layer is formed on the upper substrate and has a V-shaped valley and jagged valleys, which are perpendicular to and shallower in depth than the V-shaped valley. A counter electrode is formed on the color resin layer and has a V-shaped valley and jagged valleys perpendicular to the V-shaped valleys. A first vertical orientation layer is formed between the pixel electrode and the LC layer. A second vertical orientation layer is formed between the counter electrode and the LC layer. First and second polarizers are attached to the outer and inner faces of the upper and lower substrates, respectively. The polarization axis of each intersects. The jagged valleys are provided to the V-shaped valleys via halftone exposure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display capable of being adaptable for appliances providing moving pictures and TV-based high-performance devices. The liquid crystal display comprises an upper substrate and a lower substrate disposed in opposition to each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the upper and lower substrates; a color resin layer formed on an inside surface of the upper substrate; a counter electrode formed on a surface of the color resin layer including the valleys; a pixel electrode formed on an inside surface of the lower substrate; vertical alignment layers interposed between the pixel electrode and the liquid crystal layer and between the counter electrode and the liquid crystal layer; and polarizing sheets attached on outer surfaces of the upper and lower substrates.

Abstract: A VVA mode LCD has a liquid crystal (LC) layer of a negative dielectric anisotropy between lower and upper substrates. A pixel electrode is formed on the lower substrate. A color resin layer is formed on the upper substrate and has a V-shaped valley and jagged valleys, which are perpendicular to and shallower in depth than the V-shaped valley. A counter electrode is formed on the color resin layer and has a V-shaped valley and jagged valleys perpendicular to the V-shaped valleys. A first vertical orientation layer is formed between the pixel electrode and the LC layer. A second vertical orientation layer is formed between the counter electrode and the LC layer. First and second polarizers are attached to the outer and inner faces of the upper and lower substrates, respectively. The polarization axis of each intersects. The jagged valleys are provided to the V-shaped valleys via halftone exposure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color polymer dispersed liquid crystal display comprising: a lower substrate; an upper substrate formed on the lower substrate with a predetermined space therebetween; color liquid crystal-polymer films formed by foaming polymer films mixed respectively with red, green and blue pigments to form porous films of red, green and blue colors and then dropping and injecting a liquid crystal into droplets of the porous films under vacuum condition; and two transparent liquid crystal driving electrodes, one disposed between the lower substrate and the PDLC films and the other disposed between the PDLC films and the upper substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an LCD having liquid crystal molecules that lie at a predetermined direction around a valley formed in an upper substrate of the LCD in order to prevent creation of an unadjustable disclination line. The LCD comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a plurality of slits formed in a pixel region of the lower substrate. Each of the slits has a minute distance to the adjacent one of the slits. A valley is formed in a color filter of the upper substrate covered with a transparent electrode, and has a predetermined angle with respect to the slits. Vertical alignment material is formed in opposite faces of the upper and lower substrates. A liquid crystal layer is injected between the upper and lower substrates. Polarizers are arranged in outer faces of the upper and lower substrates, and have transmission axes, which are perpendicular to each other.

Abstract: A valley vertical alignment (VVA) mode liquid crystal display includes lower and upper substrates oppositely arranged at a predetermined distance, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the upper and lower substrates and including liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, a pixel electrode formed on an inner surface of the lower substrate, a color resin layer formed on an inner surface of the upper substrate and having a “V”-shaped valley, an opposite electrode formed on the color resin layer including the “V”-shaped valley, vertical alignment layers interposed both between the pixel electrode and the liquid crystal layer and between the opposite electrode and the liquid crystal layer, and polarizing plates attached to each outer surfaces of the lower and upper substrates, with their polarizing axes crossing each other.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a lower alcohol-soluble extract of Ferula asafoedida L or a compound isolated therefrom including galbanic acid, karatavicinol, umbelliprenin, farnesiferol B, or farnesiferol C exhibits a potent anticancer activity.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reflective plate having lightweight functioning as a substrate and a reflective LCD using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming a reflector of a reflective LCD capable of improving a viewing angle characteristic while simplifying a forming process, the method comprising the steps of: applying a photoresist film on an insulating substrate; dispersing a plurality of spacers over a surface of the photoresist film; curing the photoresist film; rubbing the spacers-dispersed and cured photoresist film, thereby removing the spacers; and performing a vapor deposition of a metal film having a high reflectivity on the photoresist film.

Abstract: An optical alignment apparatus and method are disclosed, the optical alignment apparatus, comprising the steps of: a light unit for generating a parallel beam; a beam-splitter for beam-splitting the parallel beam; and a beam regulator for changing the beam split from the beam-splitter into a polarized beam and irradiating the polarized beam to the alignment film on the LCD substrate.

Abstract: An optical alignment apparatus and method are disclosed, the optical alignment apparatus, comprising the steps of: a light unit for generating a parallel beam; a beam-splitter for beam-splitting the parallel beam; and a beam regulator for changing the beam split from the beam-splitter into a polarized beam and irradiating the polarized beam to the alignment film on the LCD substrate.

Abstract: The arrangement of molecules of an optical activity compound such as polymer including azo-dye is changed by the polarization state of a pump beam applied to the polymer. The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol including methyl orange as azo-dye. The anisotropy of the molecular arrangement of the azo-dye is induced by the polarized incident beam and then the liquid crystal cell is made. Thereafter, the liquid crystal is inserted to the cell, aligning the liquid crystal. As the polarization of the pump beam changes from the linear polarization to the circular polarization, molecules of the methyl orange are exponentially increased at an axis parallel to the propagation direction of the pump beam and the molecules of the methyl orange are exponentially decreased at an axis vertical to the propagation direction of the pump beam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display (LCD) with black matrixes of low reflectivity capable of reducing the reflection of back light. The black matrix of the disclosed LCD includes a photoshield layer formed on the back surface of a front substrate, and at least one internal photo-interference layer formed over the photoshield layer. The internal photo-interference layer has a refraction index different from that of the photoshield layer. The internal photo-interference layer has a double-layer structure consisting of a chromium nitride layer and a chromium oxide layer.

Abstract: A method of aligning liquid crystals is disclosed. The method includes forming an optically active compound-containing polymeric film to be used as an aligning layer on a surface of each of a lower substrate and an upper substrate; irradiating circularly polarized light on the polymeric film to obliquely align the optically active compound contained relative to the substrate surface to form the aligning layer; positioning the lower substrate and the upper substrate in opposite to each other such that the polymeric film on the lower substrate is opposite to the polymeric film on the upper substrate; and pouring a liquid crystal between the substrates, thereby to obliquely align molecules of the liquid crystal due to the optically active compound aligned.