Abstract: An apparatus for predicting performance of a wheel in a vehicle: includes a learning device that generates a latent space for a plurality of two-dimensional (2D) wheel images based on a convolutional autoencoder (CAE), extracts a predetermined number of the plurality of 2D wheel images from the latent space, and learns a dataset having the plurality of 2D wheel images and performance values corresponding to the plurality of 2D wheel images; and a controller that predicts performance for the plurality of 2D wheel images based on a performance prediction model obtained by the learning device.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a substrate treating method. The substrate treating method includes pre-treating a substrate by cleaning the substrate; etching the substrate by supplying an etchant and heating a substrate supplied with the etchant; and post-treating the substrate after the etching the substrate, and wherein the pre-treating the substrate, the etching the substrate, and the post-treating the substrate are each performed in different chambers, a substrate on which the pre-treating the substrate is completed is transferred in a dry state to a chamber at which the etching the substrate is performed, and a substrate on which the etching the substrate is completed is transferred in a wetted state with a liquid to a chamber at which the post-treating the substrate is performed.

Abstract: The amorphous perovskite structure catalysts according to the present invention comprise a carrier material and a mixture of at least two metal oxides supported thereon, which have the following formula:(M.sup.1.sub.a O.sub.x.M.sup.2.sub.1-a O.sub.y)(M.sup.3.sub.b O.sub.z.M.sup.4.sub.1-b O.sub.w)/Swherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of the lanthanide metals, the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals, M.sup.3 and M.sup.4 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of the transition metals and the platinum metals, a and b are from 0 to 1, x, y, z and w are determined stoichiometrically on the values of a and b, the ratio of ?M.sup.1 +M.sup.2 ! to ?M.sup.3 +M.sup.4 ! is 0.1.about.3.0:1.0, and S is a carrier material. The process for preparing the amorphous perovskite structure catalysts comprises dissolving completely at least two salt solutions of metals, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, M.sup.3 and M.sup.