Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring a biological condition of pregnant breeding cattle includes a training data collection unit to select and use at least two of an implantable device, a wearable device or an imaging device as a training data collection device to create multiple training data, a prediction model training unit to pre-train a prediction model through the multiple training data, a device cooperation cases setting unit to decide and store device cooperation cases by collecting and analyzing sensing data acquired through the training data collection devices, a device cooperation conducting unit to preprocess the sensing data of a monitoring device according to the device cooperation cases when at least one of the training data collection devices is selected as the monitoring device, and a biological condition prediction unit to predict and output a biological condition corresponding to the sensing data preprocessed through the prediction model.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool having excellent wear resistance and controlled brittleness is provided. An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a coated cutting tool including: a substrate; and a cutting layer disposed on the substrate, wherein: the cutting layer includes a brittleness suppressing layer and a wear-resistant layer disposed on the brittleness suppressing layer; the substrate includes a hard alloy body such as cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, cubic boron nitride-based materials, or high-speed steel; the brittleness suppressing layer includes a first layer and a second layer disposed on the first layer; the first layer and the second layer each independently includes any one of (AlbTi1-b)X (where 0.6<b<0.8, and X is at least one selected from N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO) and (TicAl1-c)X (where 0.4<c?0.5, and X is at least one selected from N, C, CN, NO, CO, and CNO); and the first layer and the second layer include materials different from each other.

Abstract: A coil spring, a pogo pin having the coil spring, and manufacturing methods thereof are provided. The method for manufacturing a coil spring includes i) preparing a metal strip 200 with a periodically repeated U- or S-shape pattern, and ii) bending the metal strip 200 at one or more inward bending points 210 and at one or more outward bending point 220, which are formed on the metal strip 200, in opposite directions, the inward bending point and the outward bending point being spaced apart from each other. The coil spring and the pogo pin may be manufactured to be small in size and low in manufacturing costs as compared with conventional ones. Further, the coil spring and the pogo pin may provide a sufficient maximum range of motion and spring force of a probe.

Abstract: A coil spring, a pogo pin having the coil spring, and manufacturing methods thereof are provided. The method for manufacturing a coil spring includes i) preparing a metal strip 200 with a periodically repeated U- or S-shape pattern, and ii) bending the metal strip 200 at one or more inward bending points 210 and at one or more outward bending point 220, which are formed on the metal strip 200, in opposite directions, the inward bending point and the outward bending point being spaced apart from each other. The coil spring and the pogo pin may be manufactured to be small in size and low in manufacturing costs as compared with conventional ones. Further, the coil spring and the pogo pin may provide a sufficient maximum range of motion and spring force of a probe.