Abstract: Disclosed are a method of inserting vector information for estimating voice data in a key re-synchronization period, a method of transmitting vector information, and a method of estimating voice data in a key re-synchronization period using vector information, capable of estimating the voice data that corresponds to a silent period occurring in a key re-synchronization process when an encrypted digital voice is transmitted in a unidirectional wireless communication environment. A transmitter side inserts accumulation information (i.e., vector information) of a voice change direction of the transmitted previous frame in a key re-synchronization frame, using a voice feature that draws a sine wave, when making the key re-synchronization frame for the re-synchronization, and transmits the key re-synchronization frame with the vector information inserted thereto. A receiver side estimates the voice data value in the key re-synchronization period using the accumulation information (i.e.

Abstract: A method of etching metals and/or metal-containing compounds using a plasma comprising a bromine-containing gas. In one embodiment, the method is used during fabrication of a gate structure of a field effect transistor having a titanium nitride gate electrode, an ultra-thin (about 10 to 20 Angstroms) silicon dioxide gate dielectric, and a polysilicon upper contact. In a further embodiment, the gate electrode is selectively notched to a pre-determined width.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same which yields high reliability and a high manufacturing yield. The semiconductor device includes a metal line layer having a plurality of metal line patterns spaced apart from each other, and at least one underlying layer under the metal line layer, wherein the space between two adjacent metal line patterns has a sufficient width to prevent a crack from occurring in one or more of the underlying layers. The cracking of an underlying layer may also be prevented by providing a slit in a direction parallel to the space between two adjacent metal line patterns at a sufficient distance from the space between the two adjacent metal line patterns.

Abstract: An apparatus for initializing a digital broadcasting receiver and method thereof are disclosed, by which the digital broadcasting receiver provided with virtual machine to process additionally provided services can be quickly initialized. The present invention includes generating a first task required for initializing the digital broadcasting receiver in order to perform an A/V broadcasting service, generating a second task required for initializing a virtual machine installed in the digital broadcasting receiver to perform a data broadcasting service, initializing the digital broadcasting receiver included in the digital broadcasting receiver by executing the first task and initializing the virtual machine by executing the second task after the digital broadcasting receiver is initialized.

Abstract: A digital television signal, method of processing the same in a transmitter and receiver, digital broadcast transmitter and digital broadcast receiver are disclosed, in which if a prescribed program having been broadcast by a prescribed broadcast medium is retransmitted by another broadcast medium, a field indicating an original broadcast medium having broadcast the corresponding program is added. The present invention includes a step (a) of receiving an service information table including an original media type field, a step (b) of extracting the original media type field indicating an original broadcast medium of a retransmitted program by parsing the service information table, and a step (c) of displaying the original broadcast medium of the retransmitted program.

Abstract: A method for controlling a media message upload through a wireless communication network is disclosed. In one aspect of the present invention, when a communication terminal uploads particular media data to an application server, the communication terminal uploads the media data by organizing it into a plurality of segments and one response message is issued by the application server for a predefined number of segments. If an upload error occurs, the upload can be easily resumed without verification of the uploaded data based on a sequence number of a segment provided by the application server. When a data upload is cancelled intentionally befA method for controlling a media message upload through a wireless communication network is disclosed.

Abstract: A common voltage driving circuit of an in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a first common voltage output part for swinging and outputting positive (+) and negative (?) common voltages on odd numbered common lines, a second common voltage output part for swinging and outputting negative (?) and positive (+) common voltages on even numbered common lines, an intermediate level output part for outputting an intermediate level voltage between the positive (+) and negative (?) common voltages output from the first and second common voltage output parts, a first switching part for selecting one out of the voltages output from the first common voltage output part and the intermediate level output part, and outputting the selected one, and a second switching part for selecting one out of the voltages output from the second common voltage output part and the intermediate level output part, and outputting the selected one.

Abstract: A method of etching metals and/or metal-containing compounds using a plasma comprising a bromine-containing gas. In one embodiment, the method is used during fabrication of a gate structure of a field effect transistor having a titanium nitride gate electrode, an ultra-thin (about 10 to 20 Angstroms) silicon dioxide gate dielectric, and a polysilicon upper contact. In a further embodiment, the gate electrode is selectively notched to a pre-determined width.

Abstract: A method for preparing a hollow fiber-type separation membrane from high density polyethylene is provided, which includes the steps of: melt-spinning a mixture of a high density polyethylene and a diluting agent to produce a phase-separated undrawn hollow fiber; detecting a tensile strength of the undrawn fiber during an alternative and repetitive winding and unwinding procedure between two bobbins, said undrawn fiber being drawn during the alternative and repetitive winding and unwinding procedure; reducing a rotation speed of one of the two bobbins when the detected tensile strength is larger than a predetermined value; and increasing a rotation speed of one of the two bobbins when the detected tensile strength is smaller than the predetermined value to yield the hollow fiber-type separation membrane.

Abstract: An individual information protecting card is formed by multiple image frequency transformation of the invention is a system utilizing a simplicity of bar cade and an image property of hologram in complexity which is a frequency card being simple in construction. Data to be recorded to the protecting card utilizes an image-based system different from existing numeric cipher code-based system. The image to be used can use not only use a binary image for letters, but also can use continuous grey level as photograph. However, the difference is not in the frequency card exposed externally. Accordingly, expansion to image protecting form is possible and application to a system for managing an information by allocating special image information by individual and by article list is possible. Output of card construction system is made by a reading card possessed by a system operator, a resolution card for increasing of resolution, and user's card being a protecting card.