Abstract: A washing machine including an outer tub disposed within a body of the washing machine, a rotating wash tub disposed within the outer tub for being rotated to wash and spin-dry the laundry, and a pulsator disposed on an inner bottom floor of the rotating wash tub for alternatively rotating left and right, the washing machine having a plurality of ducts mounted on a periphery of the rotating wash tub for the washing water contained in between the outer tub and the rotating wash tub to be induced and ejected into the rotating wash tub when the rotating wash tub is rotated, such that the washing water disposed in between the rotating wash tub and the outer tub is ejected into the rotating wash tub via a duct during washing and rinsing processes, thereby enhancing washing and rinsing efficiency due to formation of new water current and its collision with laundry.

Abstract: A flat-panel display device using an optical waveguide includes a light source for emitting light, a plurality of optical waveguides into which light emitted from the light source is incident, an optical waveguide arrangement substrate on which the plurality of optical waveguides are arranges and made of a material having a low refractive index so as to totally reflect the light transmitted through the plurality of optical waveguides, a light output controller positioned on the plurality of optical waveguides and made of a material whose refractive index changes according to an electric field, a light output portion positioned on the light output controller, for refracting the light having passed through the light output controller when the light propagated through the plurality of optical waveguides due to the electric field is transmitted through the light output controller and is output therefrom, and outputting the same to the outside, a first electrode positioned on the light output portion, made of a tr