Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) receiver and a method of receiving an RF signal are provided. The RF receiver includes a low-noise amplifying unit which amplifies a received signal while restricting out-of-band interference of the received signal, a sampling unit which performs sampling to convert the amplified signal to a discrete time domain signal, a frequency translation unit which down-converts the discrete time domain signal into a frequency band that enables the discrete time domain signal to be converted into a digital signal and restricts interference from a frequency within an aliasing band according to a sampling frequency, an anti-aliasing filtering unit which prevents aliasing from the down-converted signal, a clock unit which provides the sampling unit, the frequency translation unit, and the anti-aliasing filtering unit with sampling frequencies, and an analog-digital-converter which converts the converted signal into the digital signal.

Abstract: A discrete time filter includes a plurality of sampling cells and a first dummy sampling cell. Each of the sampling cells performs a current mode sampling operation based on current input to an input terminal in response to a corresponding one of a plurality of sampling clock signals and is reset in response to a corresponding one of the plurality of sampling clock signals and a first dummy sampling clocks. The first dummy sampling cell alternately performs with the first sampling cell the current mode sampling operation based on current input to the input terminal in response to the first dummy sampling clock signal and is alternately reset with the first sampling cell in response to the first sampling clock signal.

Abstract: A variable inductor is provided, which includes a first lead having both ends to receive a pair of difference signals, a second lead having both ends to receive a pair of the difference signals, and a switch selectively supplying a pair of the difference signals to the second lead by turning on/off according to a control signal. Accordingly, a variable inductor can be implemented that is compact and maximizes the variation rate of inductance.

Abstract: A discrete time filter includes a plurality of sampling cells and a first dummy sampling cell. Each of the sampling cells performs a current mode sampling operation based on current input to an input terminal in response to a corresponding one of a plurality of sampling clock signals and is reset in response to a corresponding one of the plurality of sampling clock signals and a first dummy sampling clocks. The first dummy sampling cell alternately performs with the first sampling cell the current mode sampling operation based on current input to the input terminal in response to the first dummy sampling clock signal and is alternately reset with the first sampling cell in response to the first sampling clock signal.

Abstract: An N×N multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver is provided. The transceiver includes a plurality of transceivers, each including at least one transceiver circuit; an oscillation unit which is configured to generate a differential signal which is supplied to the at least one transceiver circuit; a plurality of buffers, which are mounted in a bypass line between the at least one transceiver circuit and the oscillation unit and are configured to amplify and bypass the differential signal or input and amplify the differential signal; and a buffer control unit which is configured to control the plurality of buffers to bypass or input the differential signal.

Abstract: A low noise amplifier is provided. The low noise amplifier includes: a low noise amplifying unit amplifying an input signal; a harmonic and noise generating unit disposed in an input terminal of the low noise amplifying unit, for generating a compensating signal for compensating for an intermodulation distortion signal and a thermal noise signal of the input signal to the low noise amplifying unit; and a load unit outputting the amplified input signal generated by the low noise amplifying unit.

Abstract: Provided are an IC and a method for automatically tuning process and temperature variations. The IC includes: a test circuit unit including test circuit elements having identical element values and variations to a tuning-targeted circuit element and at least one reference circuit element having a smaller variation than the tuning-targeted circuit element; a comparator that obtains a difference between intensities of first and second signals detected from the test circuit unit; and a tuning unit that tunes the variation of the tuning-targeted circuit element according to the difference between the intensities of the first and second signals. Thus, process and temperature variations of a circuit element can be detected and accurately tuned with respect to the circuit element itself. Also, the process and temperature variations can be tuned inside an IC. Thus, the time required for tuning the process and temperature variations can be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of preparing an antithrombotic agent from muskrat musk and an antithrombotic agent having a high potency obtained therefrom, wherein the antithrombotic agent is prepared by treating muskrat musk with ethanol to obtain an ethanol extract; carrying out two normal phase column chromatographies while raising the combination ratio of hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain numerous fractions; carrying out thin layer chromatographies and identifying the material patterns of the fractions with UV lamps and 10% sulfuric acid to divide the materials which have a similar moving distance into groups; measuring a thrombin time of each group to isolate a group having a potent antithrombotic activity; carrying out a reverse phase column chromatography while raising the combination ratio of acetonitrile and water to obtain numerous fractions; and isolating an antithrombotic agent material having a high potency therefrom.

Abstract: A low noise amplifier is provided. The low noise amplifier includes: a low noise amplifying unit amplifying an input signal; a harmonic and noise generating unit disposed in an input terminal of the low noise amplifying unit, for generating a compensating signal for compensating for an intermodulation distortion signal and a thermal noise signal of the input signal to the low noise amplifying unit; and a load unit outputting the amplified input signal generated by the low noise amplifying unit.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) receiver and a method of receiving an RF signal are provided. The RF receiver includes a low-noise amplifying unit which amplifies a received signal while restricting out-of-band interferer of the received signal, a sampling unit which performs sampling to convert the amplified signal to a discrete time domain signal, a frequency translation unit which down-converts the sampled signal into a frequency band that enables the sampled signal to be converted into a digital signal and restricts interferer from a frequency within an aliasing band according to a sampling frequency, an anti-aliasing filtering unit which prevents aliasing from the down-converted signal, a clock unit which provides the sampling unit, the frequency translation unit, and the anti-aliasing filtering unit with sampling frequencies, and an analog-digital-converter which converts the converted signal into the digital signal.

Abstract: An adjustable inductor includes a first conductor line to receive an alternating current (AC) signal, a second conductor line configured in a loop arrangement, to generate an inducting current upon receiving the AC signal at the first conductor line, and a switch to adjust an inductance of the first conductor line by switching a loop connection of the second conductor line according to an external control signal.

Abstract: An on-chip transformer balun includes a primary winding as an input terminal of the on-chip transformer balun, and a secondary winding as an output terminal of the on-chip transformer balun, wherein one of the primary winding and secondary winding is formed of a plurality of metal layers in which a spiral trace portion excluding an underpass is disposed on mutually different layers to have an asymmetrical structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dual-band voltage-controlled oscillator using bias switching and output-buffer multiplexing. The dual-band voltage-controlled oscillator includes a power supply unit for supplying a source voltage; plural voltage-controlled oscillation units for outputting different oscillation frequencies according to controls of a certain tuning voltage; plural bias units for generating driving voltages for driving the voltage-controlled oscillation units and supplying the driving voltages to the voltage-controlled oscillation units; and plural buffers for selectively outputting oscillation frequencies of the plural voltage-controlled oscillation units. The present invention implements the dual-band voltage-controlled oscillator through bias switching and output-buffer multiplexing, which brings an advantage of elimination of interference between output frequencies to enhance phase noise characteristics.

Abstract: A method and a system for calibrating an input voltage of a voltage controlled oscillator and a digital interface used for calibrating the input voltage. The method includes: setting a lock detection time for tuning a signal phase; setting a lock detection voltage section; setting output frequency values at predetermine spacings; checking connection states of capacitors of the capacitor bank necessary for a lock of the output frequency values; storing information regarding the connection states of the capacitors in the output frequency values; and if one of the output frequency values is determined depending on a change of a channel, setting connection states of the capacitors according to the information regarding the connection state corresponding to the one frequency value. The capacitor bank includes: a predetermined number of capacitors having different capacitances and connected to one another in parallel; and switches connected to the capacitors in series.

Abstract: An on-chip transformer balun includes a primary winding as an input terminal of the on-chip transformer balun, and a secondary winding as an output terminal of the on-chip transformer balun, wherein one of the primary winding and secondary winding is formed of a plurality of metal layers in which a spiral trace portion excluding an underpass is disposed on mutually different layers to have an asymmetrical structure.

Abstract: A complementary metal oxide semiconductor voltage controlled oscillator is provided. The voltage controlled oscillator includes an LC tank which is supplied with a power supply voltage, the LC tank oscillating at a certain frequency; a negative resistor including first and second N-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (NMOS FETs) to sustain the oscillation of the LC tank; a direct current block to remove a direct current component from the power supply voltage; an alternating current block to apply an alternating current voltage to the gates of the first and second NMOS FETs; a first current mirror including third and fourth NMOS FETs and allowing a current to symmetrically flow in the voltage controlled oscillator, a drain and the gate of the third NMOS FET being connected to a reference voltage supply; and the reference voltage supply applying a direct current voltage to the first current mirror.

Abstract: An N×N multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver is provided. The transceiver includes a plurality of transceivers, each including at least one transceiver circuit; an oscillation unit which is configured to generate a differential signal which is supplied to the at least one transceiver circuit; a plurality of buffers, which are mounted in a bypass line between the at least one transceiver circuit and the oscillation unit and are configured to amplify and bypass the differential signal or input and amplify the differential signal; and a buffer control unit which is configured to control the plurality of buffers to bypass or input the differential signal.

Abstract: Provided are an IC and a method for automatically tuning process and temperature variations. The IC includes: a test circuit unit including test circuit elements having identical element values and variations to a tuning-targeted circuit element and at least one reference circuit element having a smaller variation than the tuning-targeted circuit element; a comparator that obtains a difference between intensities of first and second signals detected from the test circuit unit; and a tuning unit that tunes the variation of the tuning-targeted circuit element according to the difference between the intensities of the first and second signals. Thus, process and temperature variations of a circuit element can be detected and accurately tuned with respect to the circuit element itself. Also, the process and temperature variations can be tuned inside an IC. Thus, the time required for tuning the process and temperature variations can be reduced.

Abstract: A dual gate cascade amplifier includes a first transistor and a second transistor electrically connected in series, the second transistor including a first parallel transistor and a second parallel transistor, the first parallel transistor and the second parallel transistor being electrically connected in parallel, a first channel electrically connecting a first end channel region of the first transistor and a second end channel region, wherein one of the first or second end channel regions is a source and the other of the first or second end channel regions is a drain, the second end channel region being a common end channel region shared by the first and second parallel transistors, and a second channel electrically connected to the second end channel region and extending away from the first transistor.

Abstract: A variable inductor is provided, which includes a first lead having both ends to receive a pair of difference signals, a second lead having both ends to receive a pair of the difference signals, and a switch selectively supplying a pair of the difference signals to the second lead by turning on/off according to a control signal. Accordingly, a variable inductor can be implemented that is compact and maximizes the variation rate of inductance.