Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for automatically collecting and updating information that is related to a point of interest in real space. According to the methods, information relating to a plurality of points of interest (POIs), which exist in real space, is automatically collected and compared to previously collected information, and if there is a change, the change can be automatically updated so as to provide a location-based service, such as a map service, in real space such as a downtown street or a mall.

Abstract: Provided is a memory card, which includes two pairs of opposite edges, first row terminals arranged adjacent to an insertion-side edge of the memory card, and second row terminals arranged apart from the insertion-side edge of the memory card. The memory card can be easily reset in terms of software without controlling power supply in terms of hardware. Also, the memory card can be smoothly attached and detached during insertion of the memory card into a socket and reduce damage to a device.

Abstract: Provided is a memory card, which includes two pairs of opposite edges, first row terminals arranged adjacent to an insertion-side edge of the memory card, and second row terminals arranged apart from the insertion-side edge of the memory card. The memory card can be easily reset in terms of software without controlling power supply in terms of hardware. Also, the memory card can be smoothly attached and detached during insertion of the memory card into a socket and reduce damage to a device.

Abstract: Provided is a memory card, which includes two pairs of opposite edges, first row terminals arranged adjacent to an insertion-side edge of the memory card, and second row terminals arranged apart from the insertion-side edge of the memory card. The memory card can be easily reset in terms of software without controlling power supply in terms of hardware. Also, the memory card can be smoothly attached and detached during insertion of the memory card into a socket and reduce damage to a device.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device comprises a memory cell array and a voltage generator. The memory cell array comprises a plurality of memory cells connected in series between a string selection transistor connected to a bit line and a ground selection transistor connected to a source line. The voltage generator provides read voltages to word lines of memory cells selected from among the plurality of memory cells during a read operation. The read voltages of the selected memory cells differ from each other according to their respective distances from the string selection transistor.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device comprises a memory cell array and a voltage generator. The memory cell array comprises a plurality of memory cells connected in series between a string selection transistor connected to a bit line and a ground selection transistor connected to a source line. The voltage generator provides read voltages to word lines of memory cells selected from among the plurality of memory cells during a read operation. The read voltages of the selected memory cells differ from each other according to their respective distances from the string selection transistor.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device comprises a memory cell array and a voltage generator. The memory cell array comprises a plurality of memory cells connected in series between a string selection transistor connected to a bit line and a ground selection transistor connected to a source line. The voltage generator provides read voltages to word lines of memory cells selected from among the plurality of memory cells during a read operation. The read voltages of the selected memory cells differ from each other according to their respective distances from the string selection transistor.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device comprises a memory cell array, a page buffer, and a bit line connection signal controller. The memory cell array comprises a plurality of word lines and bit lines arranged in rows and columns, and a plurality of memory cells connected to the respective word lines and bit lines. The page buffer connects a selected bit line among the plurality of bit lines to the page buffer, applies a precharge voltage to the selected bit line, and senses a voltage of the selected bit line after developing of the selected bit line according to a bit line connection signal, during a read operation. The bit line connection signal controller changes the bit line connection signal according to a control signal, during the read operation.

Abstract: A memory system comprises a flash memory and a memory controller. The flash memory comprises a plurality of memory blocks. The memory controller performs a read retry operation on a memory block containing an uncorrectable read error until an accurate data value is read from the memory block. The memory controller then controls the flash memory to perform an erase refresh operation on the memory block.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device comprises a memory cell array and a voltage generator. The memory cell array comprises a plurality of memory cells connected in series between a string selection transistor connected to a bit line and a ground selection transistor connected to a source line. The voltage generator provides read voltages to word lines of memory cells selected from among the plurality of memory cells during a read operation. The read voltages of the selected memory cells differ from each other according to their respective distances from the string selection transistor.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device comprises a memory cell array, a page buffer, and a bit line connection signal controller. The memory cell array comprises a plurality of word lines and bit lines arranged in rows and columns, and a plurality of memory cells connected to the respective word lines and bit lines. The page buffer connects a selected bit line among the plurality of bit lines to the page buffer, applies a precharge voltage to the selected bit line, and senses a voltage of the selected bit line after developing of the selected bit line according to a bit line connection signal, during a read operation. The bit line connection signal controller changes the bit line connection signal according to a control signal, during the read operation.

Abstract: A method and system for providing an advertisement window in a certain area of a web browser executed in a user terminal, wherein the user terminal being communicated with at least one advertiser server and an advertisement control server over the Internet. The method includes the steps of requesting a user identification code; receiving the user identification code from the advertisement control server, and storing the code on the local storage of the user terminal; requesting advertisement control data to the advertisement control server using the stored user identification; receiving the advertisement control data from the advertisement control server, and displaying control information of the advertisement window; accessing and obtaining the advertisement data located on the received address; and placing, in a certain area of the web browser.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a method of changing a block size in a flash memory device having a multi-plane scheme may include decoding an external input address and changing the block size of the flash memory device from a first block size to a second block size. The external input address may be decoded into a block address and a page address. The block size of the flash memory device may be changed from the first block size to the second block size by shifting at least one bit of the block address to the page address or shifting at least one bit of the page address to the block address.