Abstract: An image sensor may include a substrate including first and second surfaces opposite to each other and including a single crystalline layer, a first epitaxial layer, and a second epitaxial layer sequentially stacked from the second surface. The single crystalline layer and the second epitaxial layer may be doped with first impurities of a first conductivity type. The first epitaxial layer may be doped with second impurities of a second conductivity type. A pixel separation structure extends from the first surface to penetrate at least the second and first epitaxial layers and divides the substrate into a plurality of pixels. A transfer gate electrode extends from the first surface to penetrate the second epitaxial layer. A doping concentration of the first impurities doped in the single crystalline layer may be higher than that in the second epitaxial layer.

Abstract: Provided is a data processing method including identifying a boundary line selected for generation of a die, from three-dimensional (3D) scan data of an object, and designing a die of the object by connecting the boundary line and a target plane included in a bottom surface of a base model.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a display panel that includes first electrodes connected to transistors, a second electrode disposed on the first electrodes, a plurality of light emitting patterns each being disposed on a corresponding first electrode, and reflective compensation electrodes spaced apart from the first electrodes. The display panel further includes light emitting areas in which the light emitting patterns are disposed, light transmitting areas in which transmission openings spaced apart from the light emitting patterns are formed through a portion of a circuit element layer and a display element layer, and reflective compensation areas in which the reflective compensation electrodes are disposed. The electronic apparatus includes further includes an electronic module disposed under the display panel and that overlaps the light transmitting areas and is spaced apart from the reflective compensation areas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus of processing a substrate, in more detail, an apparatus of processing a substrate, the apparatus being able to separately discharge gas produced during substrate treatment. An object is to provide an apparatus of processing a substrate that can separately discharge gases simultaneously with treatment liquids and can provide uniform pressure in a plurality of exhaust baths.

Abstract: Provided are a duct structure, a stocker, and a photoresist bottle management facility. The duct structure includes an air supply duct disposed on one side of a shelf stack in a stocker and having a plurality of air supply ports formed to correspond to a plurality of layers of the shelf stack and an exhaust duct disposed on the other side of the shelf stack and having a plurality of exhaust ports formed to correspond to the plurality of layers of the shelf stack.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor memory device includes a substrate, a stack on the substrate, the stack including gate electrodes stacked in a first direction perpendicular to a bottom surface of the substrate, a cell vertical structure penetrating the stack and extending in the second direction, a source layer on a top surface of the stack, a back-gate electrode in the cell vertical structure and extending in the first direction, and a channel pad at a level lower than a bottom surface of the source layer and enclosed by the cell vertical structure, where the back-gate electrode is spaced apart from the channel pad.

Abstract: A carrier-nanoparticle complex including: a carbon carrier; a polymer layer provided on a surface of the carbon carrier; and metal nanoparticles provided on the polymer layer, a catalyst including the same, an electrochemical cell or a fuel cell including the catalyst, and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: Provided are an acoustic Luneburg meta lens including a lens structure on the substrate or a lens structure connected to each other by connecting rods, wherein the lens structure includes a plurality of unit structures, the volume of the unit structures decreases from the center of the lens structure toward an edge thereof, and positions of the unit structures are determined by direction components of a polar coordinate system or a spherical coordinate system, and a method for designing the acoustic Luneburg meta lens.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an inorganic substrate, a through-via passing through the inorganic substrate, a first insulating layer covering at least a portion of an external surface of the inorganic substrate, a second insulating layer disposed on an upper surface of each of the inorganic substrate and the first insulating layer, a third insulating layer disposed on a lower surface of each of the inorganic substrate and the first insulating layer, a first wiring layer disposed on an upper surface of the second insulating layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on a lower surface of the third insulating layer. The inorganic substrate includes silicon or ceramic. The inorganic substrate has an upper end and a lower end having different widths, in cross-section.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel; and a window disposed on an upper surface of the display panel, the window includes a first flat panel part; a second flat panel part disposed on a side of the first flat panel part in a first direction; and a first segment part disposed between the first flat panel part and the second flat panel part, the first segment part includes segments extended in a second direction intersecting the first direction and spaced apart from each other in the first direction; and bridges connecting both ends of each of the segments in the second direction, the segments and the bridges include a same material.

Abstract: Provided is a transistor device including: a substrate; a lower transistor positioned on the substrate and including a lower channel layer, a lower gate, and a lower source/drain region; an upper transistor positioned on the lower transistor and including an upper channel layer, an upper gate, and an upper source/drain region; and an inner spacer configured to insulate the lower transistor from the upper transistor, wherein the inner spacer may be formed by removing a portion of each of a first sacrificial layer and a second sacrificial layer, which are formed above and below the lower channel layer and the upper channel layer and have different Ge contents, to a depth according to a Ge content and then depositing an insulating material.

Abstract: Provided are a separator, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electrochemical device including the separator. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a separator is provided which includes a porous substrate; and an inorganic particle layer which is formed on at least one surface of the porous substrate and includes a binder and inorganic particles, wherein the binder includes a first water-soluble polymer including a metal carboxylate group and a second water-soluble polymer based on (meth)acrylamide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an operating system for a battery exchange station and an operating method for a battery exchange station by using same. The operating system for a battery exchange station, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a plurality of battery exchange stations; a terminal on which a dedicated application is installed, and which receives an application and service information, input from a user, for a delivery service that performs battery delivery between the plurality of battery exchange stations; and an operating server which communicates with the plurality of battery exchange stations and the terminal, wherein the operating server may determine an arrival station for the battery delivery on the basis of a degree of battery exchange congestion determined for each of the plurality of battery exchange stations.

Abstract: Provided are a separator and an electrochemical device including the same. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a separator is provided which includes a porous substrate; and an inorganic particle layer which is placed on one or both surfaces of the porous substrate and includes inorganic particles and an inorganic binder, wherein the inorganic particle layer includes an organic compound having a lower content than the inorganic binder and the inorganic binder includes a metal silicate.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first insulating layer, a metal pad including a first metal portion disposed on the first insulating layer, and a second metal portion disposed on the first metal portion and integrated with the first metal portion without a boundary therebetween, the second metal portion having a width narrower than a width of the first metal portion on a cross section, a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer and covering at least a portion of a side surface of the first metal portion, and a surface metal layer disposed on the metal pad and covering at least a portion of each of an upper surface and a side surface of the second metal portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for improving performance of a hypervisor in a memory disaggregation environment. The method includes allocating memory pages to a virtual machine in preset units, comparing the address range of the page frame to be returned with a preset page size, and removing an address space mapping for the page frame to be returned depending on a result of comparison with the preset page size. Removing the address space mapping comprises removing the address space mapping on the basis of contiguous page frames when the range of the page frame to be returned is equal to or greater than the preset page size.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes: a first insulating layer; a cavity unit including a first cavity penetrating through a portion of the first insulating layer from an upper surface thereof in a thickness direction, and a second cavity penetrating through another portion of the first insulating layer from the first cavity; a first wiring layer disposed at an upper side of the first insulating layer; a second wiring layer disposed at a lower side of the first insulating layer; and a third wiring layer at least partially buried in the first insulating layer and disposed on a level between the first and second wiring layers in the thickness direction. The third wiring layer includes pads in which at least a portion of each of upper surfaces thereof is exposed from the first insulating layer through the cavity unit, and the first cavity has a wider cross-section than the second cavity.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a mask assembly and a method of manufacturing the mask assembly. A mask assembly includes a frame including a frame opening, and an open mask including cell openings overlapping the frame opening. The open mask further includes support portions overlapping remaining cell openings except a first cell opening among the cell openings.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for managing memory in a memory disaggregation environment. The method includes handling a required subblock within a block more preferentially than an additional block in the event of a page fault and handling a page fault for the block in which the required subblock is preferentially processed.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes: an electrode assembly including: first and second electrode plates respectively including a main tab close to an outer edge based on a center line in a longitudinal direction and a sub tab that is closer to the center line than to the outer edge; a first current collector electrically coupled to the first main tab and the first sub tab; a second current collector electrically coupled to the second main tab and the second sub tab; and a case configured to accommodate the electrode assembly, the first current collector, and the second current collector. The first main tab and the second sub tab have an asymmetric shape, and the second main tab and the second sub tab have an asymmetric shape.